The Jihad That Led to the Crusades

Obama’s remarks about the evil of the Crusades, needs to be factually examined in detail. Here is such a list:

0355 After removing a Roman temple from the site (possibly the Temple of Aphrodite built by Hadrian), Constantine I has the Church of the Holy Sepulcher constructed in Jerusalem. Built around the excavated hill of the Crucifixion, legend has it that Constantine’s mother Helena discovered the True Cross here.

0613 – Persians capture Damascus and Antioch.

0614 – Persians sack Jerusalem. damaging the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in the process.

0633 – Muslims conquer Syria and Iraq.

0634 – 0644 – Umar (c. 0591 – 0644) reigns as the second caliph.

0635 – Muslims begin the conquest of Persia and Syria.

0635 – Arab Muslims capture the city of Damascus from the Byzantines.

August 20, 0636 – Battle of Yarmuk (also: Yarmuq, Hieromyax): Following the Muslim capture of Damascus and Edessa, Byzantine Emperor Heraclius organizes a large army which manages to take back control of those cities. However, Byzantine commander, Baänes is soundly defeated by Muslim forces under Khalid ibn Walid in a battle in the valley of the Yarmuk River outside Damascus. This leaves all of Syria open to Arab domination.

0637 – The Arabs occupy the Persian capital of Ctesiphon. By  0651, the entire Persian realm would come under the rule of Islam and continued its westward expansion.

0637 – Syria is conquered by Muslim forces.

0637 – Jerusalem falls to invading Muslim forces.

0638 – Caliph Umar I enters Jerusalem.

0639 – Muslims conquer Egypt and Persia.

0641 – Islam spreads into Egypt. The Catholic Archbishop invites Muslims to help free Egypt from Roman oppressors.

0641 – Under the leadership of Abd-al-Rahman, Muslims conquer southern areas of Azerbaijan, Daghestan, Georgia, and
Armenia.

0641 – Under the leadership of Amr ibn al-As, Muslims conquer the Byzantine city of Alexandria in Egypt. Amr forbids the looting of the city and proclaims freedom of worship for all. According to some accounts, he also has what was left of the Great Library burned the following year. Al-As creates the first Muslim city in Egypt, al-Fustat, and builds there the first mosque in Egypt.

0644 – Muslim leader Umar dies and is succeeded by Caliph Uthman, a member of the Umayyad family that had rejected Muhammad’s prophesies. Rallies arise to support Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law, as caliph. Uthman launches invasions to the west into North Africa.

0649 – Muawiya I, a member of the Umayyad family, leads a raid against Cyprus, sacking the capital Salamis-Constantia after a short siege and pillaging the rest of the island.

0652 – Sicily is attacked by Muslims coming out of Tunisia (named Ifriqiya by the Muslims, a name later given to the entire continent of Africa).

0653 – Muawiya I leads a raid against Rhodes, taking the remaining pieces of the Colossus of Rhodes (one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world) and shipping it back to Syria to be sold as scrap metal.

0654 – Muawiya I conquers Cyprus and stations a large garrison there. The island would remain in Muslim hands until 0966.

0655 – Battle of the Masts: In one of the only Muslim naval victories in the entire history of Islam, Muslim forces under the command of Uthman bin Affan defeat Byzantine forces under Emperor Constant II. The battle takes place off the coast of Lycia and is an important stage in the decline of Byzantine power.

0661 – 0680 – Mu’awiya, founder of the Umayyad dynasty, becomes the caliph and moves the capital from Mecca to Damascus.

0662 – Egypt fell to the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates until 868 CE. A year prior, the Fertile Crescent and Persia yielded to the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, whose rule lasted until 1258 CE and 820 CE, respectively.

0667 – Sicily is attacked by Muslims coming out of Tunisia.

0668 – First Siege of Constantinople: This attack lasts off and on for seven years, with the Muslim forces generally spending the winters on the island of Cyzicus, a few miles south of Constantinople, and only sailing against the city during the spring and summer months. The Greeks are able to fend off repeated attacks with a weapon desperately feared by the Arabs: Greek Fire. It burned through ships, shields, and flesh and it could not be put out once it started. Muawiyah has to send emissaries to Byzantine Emperor Constans to beg him to let the survivors return home unimpeded, a request that is granted in exchange for a yearly tribute of 3,000 pieces of gold, fifty slaves, and fifty Arab horses.

0669 – The Muslim conquest reaches to Morocco in North Africa. The region would be open to the rule of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates until 800 CE.

0672 – Muslims under Mauwiya I capture the island of Rhodes.

0674 – Arab conquest reaches the Indus River.

August 23, 0676 – Birth of Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) in Herstal, Wallonia, Belgium, as the illegitimate son of Pippin II. Serving as Mayor of the Palace of the kingdom of the Franks, Charles would lead a force of Christians that turn back a Muslim raiding party near Poitiers (or Tours) which, according to many historians, would effectively halt the advance of Islam against Christianity in the West.

0677 – Muslims send a large fleet against Constantinople in an effort to finally break the city, but they are defeated so badly through the Byzantine use of Greek Fire that they are forced to pay an indemnity to the Emperor.

0680 – Birth of Leo III the Isaurian, Byzantine Emperor, along the Turkish-Syrian border in the Syrian province of Commagene. Leo’s tactical skills would be responsible for turning back the second Arab Muslim siege of Constantinople in 0717, shortly after he is elected emperor.

0688 – Emperor Justinian II and Caliph al-Malik sign a peace treaty making Cyprus neutral territory. For the next 300 years, Cyprus is ruled jointly by both the Byzantines and the Arabs despite the continuing warfare between them elsewhere.

0691 – Birth of Hisham, 10th caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. It is under Hisham that Muslim forces would make their deepest incursions into Western Europe before being stopped by Charles Martel at the Battle of Poitiers in 0732.

0698 – Muslims capture Carthage in North Africa.

0700 – Muslims from Pamntelleria raid the island of Sicily.

0711 – With the further conquest of Egypt, Spain and North Africa, Islam included all of the Persian empire and most of the old Roman world under Islamic rule. Muslims began the conquest of Sindh in Afghanistan.

April 0711 – Tariq ibn Malik, a Berber officer, crosses the strait separating Africa and Europe with a group of Muslims and enters Spain (al-Andalus, as the Muslims called it, a word is etymologically linked to “Vandals”). The first stop in the Muslim conquest of Spain is at the foot of a mountain that comes to be called Jabel Tarik, the Mountain of Tarik. Today it is known as Gibraltar. At one time the Berbers had been Christians but they recently converted in large numbers to Islam after the Arab conquest of North Africa.

July 19, 0711 – Battle of Guadalete: Tariq ibn Ziyad kills King Rodrigo (or Roderic), Visigoth ruler of Spain, at the Guadalete River in the south of the Iberian peninsula. Tariq ibn Ziyad had landed at Gibraltar with 7,000 Muslims at the invitation of heirs of the late Visigoth King Witica (Witiza) who wanted to get rid of Rodrigo (this group includes Oppas, the bishop of Toledo and primate of all Spain, who happens to be the brother of the late king Witica). Ziyad, however, refuses to turn control of the region back over to the heirs of Witica. Almost the entire Iberian peninsula would come under Islamic control by 0718 CE.

0712 – Muslim governor of Northern Africa Musa ibn Nusayr follows Tariq ibn Ziyad with an army of 18,000 as reinforcements for the conquest of Andalusia. Musa’s father had been a Catholic Yemenite studying to be a priest in Iraq when he was captured in Iraq by Khalid, the “Sword of Islam,” and forced to choose between conversion or death. This invasion of Iraq had been one of the last military orders given by Muhammed before his death.

0714 – Birth of Pippin III (Pippin the Short) in Jupille (Belgium). Son of Charles Martel and father of Charlemagne, in 0759 Pippin would capture Narbonne, the last Muslim stronghold in France, and thereby drive Islam out of France.

0715 – By this year just about all of Spain is in Muslim hands. The Muslim conquest of Spain only took around three years but the Christian reconquest would require around 460 years (it might have gone faster had the various Christian kingdoms not been at each other’ throats much of the time). Musa’s son, Abd el-Aziz, is left in charge and makes his capital the city of Seville, where he married Egilona, widow of king Rodrigo. Caliph Suleiman, a paranoid ruler, would have el-Aziz assassinated and sends Musa into exile in his native Yemen village to live out his days as a beggar.

0716 – Lisbon is captured by Muslims.

0717 – Cordova (Qurtuba) becomes the capital of Muslim holdings in Andalusia (Spain).

0717 – Leo the Isaurian, born along the Turkish-Syrian border in the Syrian province of Commagene, revolts against the usurper Theodosius III and assumes the throne of the Byzantine Empire.

August 15, 0717 – Second Siege of Constantinople: Taking advantage of the civil unrest in the Byzantine Empire, Caliph Sulieman sends 120,000 Muslims under the command of his brother, Moslemah, to launch the second siege of Constantinople. Another force of around 100,000 Muslims with 1,800 galleys soon arrives from Syria and Egypt to assist. Most of these reinforcements are quickly destroyed with Greek Fire. Eventually the Muslims outside Constantinople begin to starve and, in the winter, they also begin to freeze to death. Even the Bulgarians, usually hostile to the Byzantines, send a force to destroy Muslim reinforcements marching from Adrianopolis.

August 15, 0718 – Muslims abandon their second siege of Constantinople. Their failure here leads to the weakening of the Umayyad government, in part because of the heavy losses. It is estimated that of the 200,000 soldiers who besieged Constantinople, only around 30,000 made it home. Although the Byzantine Empire also sustains heavily casualties and loses most its territory south of the Taurus Mountains, by holding the line here they prevent a disorganized and militarily inferior Europe from having to confront a Muslim invasion along the shortest possible route. Instead, the Arabic invasion of Europe must proceed along the longer path across northern Africa and into Spain, a route which prevents quick reinforcement and ultimately proves ineffective.

0719 – Muslims attack Septimania in southern France (so named because it was the base of operations for Rome’s Seventh Legion) and become established in the region known as Languedoc, made famous several hundred years later as the center of the Cathar heresy.

July 09,0721 – A Muslim army under the command of Al-Semah and that had crossed the Pyrenees is defeated by the Franks near Toulouse. Al-Semah is killed and his remaining forces, which had previously conquered Narbonne, are forced back across the Pyrenees into Spain.
0722 – Battle of Covadonga: Pelayo, (0690-0737) Visigoth noble who had been elected the first King of Asturias (0718- 0737), defeats a Muslim army at Alcama near Covadonga. This is generally regarded as the first real Christian victory over the Muslims in the Reconquista.

0724 – Hisham becomes the 10th caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. It is under Hisham that Muslim forces make their deepest incursions into Western Europe before being stopped by Charles Martel at the Battle of Poitiers in 0732.

0724 – Under the command of Ambissa, Emir of Andalusia, Muslim forces raid southern France and capture the cities of Carcassone and Nimes. Primary targets in these and other raids are churches and monasteries where the Muslims take away holy objects and enslave or kill all the clerics.

0725 – Muslim forces occupied Nimes, France.

0730 – Muslim forces occupy the French cities of Narbonne and
Avignon.

October 10, 0732 – Battle of Tours: With perhaps 1,500 soldiers, Charles Martel halts a Muslim force of around 40,000 to 60,000 cavalry under Abd el-Rahman Al Ghafiqi from moving farther into Europe. Many regard this battle as being decisive in that it saved Europe from Muslim control. Gibbon wrote: “A victorious line of march had been prolonged above a thousand miles from the rock of Gibraltar to the banks of the Loire; the repetition of an equal space would have carried the Saracens to the confines of Poland and the Highlands of Scotland; the Rhine is not more impassable than the Nile or Euphrates, and the Arabian fleet might have sailed without a naval combat into the mouth of the Thames. Perhaps the interpretation of the Koran would now be taught in the schools of Oxford, and her pulpits might demonstrate to a circumcised people the sanctity and truth of the revelation of Muhammed.” Others, though, argue that the battle’s importance has been exaggerated. The names of Tours, Poitiers, and Charles Martel do not appear in the Arab histories. They list the battle under the name Balat al- Shuhada, the Highway of Martyrs, and is treated as a minor engagement.

0735 – Muslim invaders capture the city of Arles.

0737 – Charles Martel sends his brother, Childebrand, to lay siege to Avignon and drive out the Muslim occupiers. Childebrand is successful and, according to records, has all the Muslims in the city killed.
0739 – Already having retaken Narbonne, Beziers, Montpellier, and Nimes during the previous couple of years, Childebrand captures Marseille, one of the largest French cities still in Muslim hands.

June 08, 0741 – Death of Leo III the Isaurian, Byzantine Emperor. Leo’s tactical skills were responsible for turning back the second Arab Muslim siege of Constantinople in 0717, shortly after he was elected emperor.

October 22, 0741.- Death of Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) in at Quierzy (today the Aisne county in the Picardy region of France). As Mayor of the Palace of the kingdom of the Franks, Charles had led a force of Christians that turned back a Muslim raiding party near Poitiers (or Tours) which, according to many historians, effectively halted the advance of Islam against Christianity in the West.

April 04, 0742 -Birth of Charlemagne, founder of the Frankish Empire.

0743 -Death of Hisham, 10th caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. It was under Hisham that Muslim forces made their deepest incursions into Western Europe before being stopped by Charles Martel at the Battle of Poitiers in 0732.

0750- The Arabian Nights, a compilation of stories written under the reign of the Abbasids, became representative of the lifestyle and administration of this Persian influenced government.

0750 – 0850 -The Four Orthodox Schools of Islamic Law were established.

0750 -The Abbasids assume control of the Islamic world (except Spain, which falls under the control of a descendant of the Umayyad family) and moved the capital to Baghdad in Iraq. The Abbasid Caliphate would last until 1258.

September 0755 -Abd al-Rahman of the Umayyad dynasty flees to Spain to escape the Abbasids and would be responsible for creating the “Golden Caliphate” in Spain.

0756 -The Emirate of Cordova is established by Umayyad refugee Abd al-Rahman I in order to revive the defeated Umayyad caliphate which had been destroyed in 0750 by the Abbasids. Cordova would become independent of the Abbasid Empire and represents the first major political division within Islam. The political and geographic isolation of the Cordova Caliphate would make it easier for Christians to decisively conquer it despite their failures elsewhere, although this would not be completed until 1492.

0759 -Arabs lose the city of Narbonne, France, their furthest and last conquest into Frankish territory. In capturing this city Pippin III (Pippin the Short) ends the Muslim incursions in France.

0768 -Pepin’s son, Carolus Magnus (Charlemagne), succeeded his father and became one of the most important European rulers of medieval history.

September 24, 0768 -Death of Pippin III (Pippin the Short) at Saint Denis. Son of Charles Martel and father of Charlemagne, in 0759 Pippin captured Narbonne, the last Muslim stronghold in France, and thereby drove Islam out of France.

0778 -Charlemagne, King of the Franks and soon-to-be Holy Roman Emperor, is invited by a group of Arab leaders in northeastern Spain to attack Abd al-Rahman I, ruler of the Emirate of Cordova. Charlemagne obliges them, but is forced to retreat after only getting as far as Saragossa. It is during his march back through the Pyrenees that his forces are set upon by Basques. Among the many who die is the war leader Roland from Breton, killed in Roncevalles, whose memory has been preserved in the “Chanson de Roland,” an important epic poem during the Middle Ages.

0785 -The Great Mosque in Cordoba, in Muslim controlled Spain, was built.

0787 – Danes invade England for the first time.

0788 -Death of Abd al-Rahman I, founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Cordova. His successor is Hisham I.

0792- Hisham I, emir of Cordova, calls for a Jihad against the infidels in Andalusia and France. Tens of thousands from as far away as Syria heed his call and cross the Pyrennes to subjugate France. Cities like Narbonne are destroyed, but the invasion is ultimately halted at Carcassone.

0796 -Death of Hisham I, emir of Cordova. His successor is his son, al-Hakam, who would keep up the jihad against the Christians but would also be forced to contend with rebellion at home.

0799 -The Basques rise in revolt and kill the local Muslim governor of Pamplona.

0800 -North Africa falls under the rule of the Aghlabi dynasty of Tunis, which would last until 0909 CE.

0800 – 1200 -Jews experience a “golden age” of creativity and toleration in Spain under Moorish (Muslim) rule.

0800 -Ambassadors of Caliph Harunu r-Rashid give keys to the Holy Sepulcher to the Frankish king, thus acknowledging some Frankish control over the interests of Christians in Jerusalem.

0801 -Vikings begin selling slaves to Muslims.

0806 -Hien Tsung becomes the Emperor of China. During his reign a shortage of copper leads to the introduction of paper money.

0813 -Muslims attack the Civi Vecchia near Rome.

April 04,0814 -Death of Charlemagne, founder of the Frankish Empire.

0816 -With the support of Moors, the Basques revolt against the Franks in Glascony.

0822 -Death of Al-Hakam, emir of Cordova. He is succeeded by Abd al-Rahman II.

June 0827 -Sicily is invaded by Muslims who, this time, are looking to take control of the island rather than simply taking away booty. They are initially aided by Euphemius, a Byzantine naval commander who is rebelling against the Emperor. Conquest of the island would require 75 years of hard fighting.

0831 -Muslim invaders capture the Sicilian city of Palermo and make it their capital.

0835 -Birth of Ahmad Ibn Tultun, founder of the Tulunid Dynasty in Egypt. Originally sent there as a deputy by the Abbasid Caliphate, Tultun will establish himself as an independent power in the region, extending his control as far north as Syria. It is under Tultun that the Great Mosque of Cairo is built.

0838 -Muslim raiders sack Marseille.

0841 -Muslim forces capture Bari, principle Byzantine base in southeastern Italy.

0846 -Muslim raiders sail a fleet of ships from Africa up the Tiber river and attack outlying areas around Ostia and Rome. Some manage to enter Rome and damage the churches of St. Peter and St. Paul. Not until Pope Leo IV promises a yearly tribute of 25,000 silver coins do the raiders leave. The Leonine Wall is built in order to fend off further attacks such as this.

0849 -Battle of Ostia: Aghlabid monarch Muhammad sends a fleet of ships from Sardinia to attack Rome. As the fleet prepares to land troops, the combination of a large storm and an alliance of Christian forces were able to destroy the Muslims ships.

0850 -The Acropolis of Zimbabwe was built in Rhodesia.

0850 -Perfectus, a Christian priest in Muslim Cordova, is executed after he refuses to retract numerous insults he made about the Prophet Muhammed. Numerous other priests, monks, and laity would follow as Christians became caught up in a zest for martyrdom.

0851- Abd al-Rahman II has eleven young Christians executed in the city of Cordova after they deliberately seek out martyrdom by insulting the Prophet Muhammed.

0852 -Death of Abd al-Rahman II, emir of Cordova.

0858- Muslim raiders attack Constantinople.

0859 -Muslim invaders capture the Sicilian city of Castrogiovanni (Enna), slaughtering several thousand inhabitants.

0863 -Under Cyril (0826 – 0869) and Methodius (c. 0815 – 0885) the conversion of Moravia begins. The two brothers were sent by the patriarch of Constantinople to Moravia, where the ruler, Rostilav, decreed in 863 that any preaching done had to be in the language of the people. As a result, Cyril and Methodius developed the first usable alphabet for the Slavic tongue – thus, the Cyrillic alphabet.

0866 Emperor Louis II travels from Germany to southern Italy to battle the Muslim raiders causing trouble there.

0868 -The Sattarid dynasty, whose rule would continue until 0930  CE, extended Muslim control throughout most of Persia. In Egypt, the Abbasid and Umayyad caliphates ended and the Egyptian-based Tulunid dynasty took over (lasting until 904 CE).

0869 -Arabs capture the island of Malta.

0870- After a month-long siege, the Sicilian city of Syracuse is captured by Muslim invaders.

0871 -King Alfred the Great of England created a system of government and education which allowed for the unification of smaller Anglo-Saxon states in the ninth and tenth centuries.

0874 -Iceland is colonized by Vikings from Norway.

0876 -Muslims pillage Campagna in Italy.

0879 -The Seljuk Empire unites Mesopotamia and a large portion of Persia.

0880 – Under Emperor Basil, the Byzantines recapture lands occupied by Arabs in Italy.

0884- Death of Ahmad Ibn Tultun, founder of the Tulunid Dynasty in Egypt. Originally sent there as a deputy by the Abbasid Caliphate, Tultun established himself as an independent power in the region, extending his control as far north as Syria. It is under Tultun that the Great Mosque of Cairo is built.

0884 -Muslims invading Italy burn the monastery of Monte Cassino to the ground.

0898 -Birth of Abd al-Rahman III, generally regarded as the greatest of the Umayyad caliphs in Andalusia. Under his rule, Cordova would become one of the most powerful centers of Islamic learning and power.

0900 -The Fatimids of Egypt conquered north Africa and included the territory as an extension of Egypt until 0972 CE.

0900 -Mayans emigrate to the Yucatan Peninsula.

0902 -The Muslim conquest of Sicily is completed when the last Christian stronghold, the city of Taorminia, is captured. Muslim rule of Sicily would last for 264 years.

0905-The Tulunid Dynasty in Egypt is destroyed by an Abbasid army sent to reestablish control over the region of Egypt and Syria.

0909 -Sicily came under the control of the Fatimids’ rule of North Africa and Egypt until 1071 CE. From 0878 until 0909 CE, their rule of Sicily was uncertain.

0909 -The Fatimid Dynasty assumes control of Egypt. Claiming descent from Fatima, daughter of the Prophet Muhammed, and Ali bin Abi Talib, the Fatimids would rule Egypt until being overthrown by the Auyybids and Saladin in 1171.

0911 -Muslims control all the passes in the Alps between France and Italy, cutting off passage between the two countries.

0912- Abd al-Rahman III becomes the Umayyad Caliph in Andalusia.

0916 -A combined force of Greek and German emperors and Italian city-states defeat Muslim invaders at Garigliano, putting Muslim raids in Italy to an end.

0920 -Muslim forces cross the Pyrenees, enter Gascony, and reach as far as the gates of Toulouse.

0929 -Abd al-Rahman III transforms the Emirate of Cordova into and independent caliphate no longer under even theoretical control from Baghdad.

0935 – 0969 -The rule of Egypt was under the Ikhidid dynasty.

0936 -The Althing, the oldest body of representative government in Europe, is established in Iceland by the Vikings.

0939 -Madrid is recaptured from Muslim forces.

0940 -Hugh, count of Provence, gives his protection to Moors in St. Tropez if they agree to keep the Alpine passes closed to his rival, Berenger.

c. 0950 Catholicism becomes prevalent and dominant religion throughout Europe.

0950 According to traditional historiography, Europe enters Dark Ages.

0953- Emperor Otto I sends representatives to Cordova to ask Caliph Abd al-Rahman III to call off some Muslim raiders who had set themselves up in Alpine passes and are attacking merchant caravans going in and out of Italy.

0961 -Death of Abd al-Rahman III, generally regarded as the greatest of the Umayyad caliphs in Andalusia. Under his rule, Cordova became one of the most powerful centers of Islamic learning and power. He is succeeded by Abdullah, a caliph who would kill many of his rivals (even family members) and had captured Christians decapitated if they refuse to convert to Islam.

0961- Under the command of general Nicephorus Phokas, the Byzantines recapture Crete from Muslim rebels who had earlier fled Cordova.

0965 -Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Phokas reconquers Cyprus from the Muslims.

0965 -Grenoble is recaptured from the Muslims.

0969 -The Fatimid dynasty (Shi’ite) takes Egypt from the Ikshidids and assumes the title of caliphate in Egypt until 1171 CE.

0969 -Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas reconquers Antioch (modern Antakya, capital of the province Hatay) from the Arabs.

0972 -The Fatimids of Egypt conquer north Africa.

0972 -The Muslims in the Sisteron district of France surrender to Christian forces and their leader asks to be baptized.

0981- Eric the Red is exiled from Iceland and settles in a new land he called Greenland in order to attract settlers.

0981 -Ramiro III, king of Leon, is defeated by Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir (Almanzor) at Rueda and is forced to begin paying tribute to the Caliph of Cordova.

0985 -Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir sacks Barcelona

0994 -The monastery of Monte Cassino is destroyed a second time by Arabs.

0995 -Japanese literary and artistic golden age begins under Emperor Fujiwara Michinaga (ruled 0995 – 1028).

July 03,0997 -Under the leadership of Almanzor, Muslim forces march out of the city of Cordova and head north to capture Christian lands.

August 11, 0997 -Muslim forces under Almanzor arrive at the city of Compostela. The city had been evacuated and Almanzor burns it to the ground.

0998 -Venice conquers the Adriatic port of Zara. The Venetians would eventually lose the city to the Hungarians and, in  1202, they offer a deal to soldiers of the Fourth Crusade: capture the city again for them in exchange for passage to Egypt.

c. 1000-Chinese perfect the production and use of gunpowder.

1000 -The Seljuk (Saljuq) Turkish Empire is founded by an Oghuz Turkish bey (chieftain) named Seljuk. Originally from the steppe country around the Caspian Sea, the Seljuks are the ancestors of the Western Turks, present- day inhabitants of Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan.

August 08, 1002 -Death of Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, ruler of Al-Andalus, on the way back from raiding the Rioja region.

1004 -Arab raiders sack the Italian city of Pisa.

1007 -Birth of Isaac I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor. Founder of the dynasty of the Comneni, Isaac’s government reforms may have helped the Byzantine Empire last longer.

1009 -The Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem is destroyed by Muslim armies.

1009 -Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, founder of the Druze sect and sixth Fatimid Caliph in Egypt, orders the Holy Sepulcher and all Christian buildings in Jerusalem be destroyed. In Europe a rumor develops that a “Prince of Babylon” had ordered the destruction of the Holy Sepulcher at the instigation of the Jews. Attacks on Jewish communities in cities like Rouen, Orelans, and Mainz ensue and this rumor helps lay the basis for massacres of Jewish communities by Crusaders marching to the Holy Land.

1009 -Sulaimann, grandson of Abd al-Rahman III, returns over 200 captured fortresses to the Castilians in return for massive shipments of food for his army.

1012 -Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, founder of the Druze sect and sixth Fatimid Caliph in Egypt, orders the destruction of all Christian and Jewish houses of worship in his lands.

1012 -Berber forces capture Cordova and order that half the population be executed.

1013 -Jews are expelled from the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordova, then ruled by Sulaimann.

1015 -Arab Muslim forces conquer Sardinia.

1016 -The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is partially destroyed by earthquakes.

1020 -Merchants from Amalfi and Salerno are granted permission by the Egyptian Caliph to build a hospice in Jerusalem. Out of this would eventually grow The Order of Knights of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (also known as: Knights of Malta, Knights of Rhodes, and most commonly as Knights Hospitaller).

1021 -Caliph al-Hakim proclaimed himself to be divine and founded the Druze sect.

1022 -Several Cathar heretics are discovered in Toulouse and put to death.

1023 -Muslims expel the Berber rulers from Cordova and install Abd er-Rahman V as caliph.

1025 -The power of the Byzantine Empire begins to decline.

1026 -Richard II of Normandy leads a group of several hundred armed men on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the belief that the Day of Judgment had arrived. Turkish control of the region hampers their goals, however.

1027 -The Frankish protectorate over Christian interests in Jerusalem is replaced by a Byzantine protectorate. Byzantine leaders begin the reconstruction of the Holy Sepulcher.

1029- Alp Arslan, “The Lion Hero,” is born. Arslan is the son of Togrul Beg, conqueror of Baghdad who made himself ruler of the Caliphate, and great-grandson of Seljuk, founder of the Seljuk Turkish empire.

1031 -The Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba falls.

1031 -The emir of Aleppo has the Krak des Chevaliers contructed.

1033 -Castile is retaken from the Arabs.

1035 -The Byzantines make a landing in Sicily, but don’t try to recapture the island from the Muslims.

1038 -The Seljuk Turks become established in Persia.

1042- The rise of the Seljuk Turks begins.

1045 – 1099 -1099 Life of Ruy Diaz de Vivar, known as El Cid (Arabic for “lord”), national hero of Spain. El Cid would become famous for his efforts to drive the Moors out of Spain. May 18, 1048 – Persian poet Umar Khayyam is born. His poem The Rubaiyat became popular in the West because of its use by Victorian Edward Fitzgerald.

1050 – 1200 -The first agricultural revolution of Medieval Europe begins in 1050 CE with a shift to the northern lands for cultivation, a period of improved climate from 700 CE to 1200 CE in western Europe, and the widespread use and perfection of new farming devices. Technological innovations include the use of the heavy plow, the three-field system of crop rotation, the use of mills for processing cloth, brewing beer, crushing pulp for paper manufacture, and the widespread use of iron and horses. With an increase in agricultural advancements, Western towns and trade grow exponentially and Western Europe returns to a money economy.

1050 -Duke Bohemond I (Bohemond Of Taranto, French Bohémond De Tarente), prince of Otranto (1089–1111) is born. One of the leaders of the First Crusade, Bohemond would be largely responsible for the capture of Antioch and he secures the title Prince of Antioch (1098 – 1101, 1103 – 04).

1050 -Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachos restores the complex of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem.

1054 -A famine in Egypt forces al Mustansir, 8th Fatimid caliph, to seek food and other commercial assistance from Italy and the Byzantine Empire.

July 16,-1054 Great Schism: The Western Christian Church, in an effort to further enhance its power, had tried to impose Latin rites on Greek churches in southern Italy in 1052; as a consequence, Latin churches in Constantinople were closed. In the end, this leads to the excommunication of Michael Cerularius, patriarch of Constantinople (who in turn excommunicates Pope Leo IX). Although generally regarded as a minor event at the time, today it is treated as the final event that sealed the Great Schism between Eastern and Western Christianity.

1055 -Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad.

1056 -The Almoravid (al-Murabitun) Dynasty begins its rise to power. Taking the name “those who line up in defense of the faith,” this is a group of fanatical Berber Muslims who would rule North Africa and Spain until 1147.

1061 -Roger Guiscard lands at Sicily with a large Norman force and captures the city of Masara. The Norman reconquest of Sicily would require another 30 years.

1063 -Alp Arslan succeeds his father, Togrul Beg, as ruler of the Baghdad Caliphate and the Seljuk Turks.

1064 -The Seljuk Turks conquer Christian Armenia.

September 29, 1066 -William the Conqueror invades England and claims the English throne at the Battle of Hastings. Because William is both the King of England and the Duke of Normandy, The Norman Conquest fuses French and English cultures. The language of England evolves into Middle English with an English syntax and grammar and a heavily French vocabulary.

1067 -Romanus IV Diogenes becomes the Byzantine Emperor.

1068 -Alp Arslan invades the Byzantine Empire and is repulsed by Romanus IV Diogenes over the course of three campaigns. Not until 1070, though, would the Turks be driven back across the Euphrates river.

1070 -Seljuk Turks capture Jerusalem from the Fatimids. Seljuk rule is not quite as tolerant as that of the Fatimids and Christian pilgrims begin returning to Europe with tales of persecution and oppression.

1070 -Brother Gerard, a leader of the Benedictine monks and nuns who run the hospices in Jerusalem. beings to organize The Order of Knights of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (also known as: Knights of Malta, Knights of Rhodes, and most commonly as Knights Hospitaller) as a more military force for the active protection of Christian pilgrims.

1071 -Normans conquer the last Byzantine holdings in Italy.

1071 – 1085 -Seljuk Turks conquer most of Syria and Palestine.

August 19, 1071 –
Battle of Manzikert: Alp Arslan leads an army of Seljuk Turks against the Byzantine Empire near Lake Van. Numbering perhaps as many as 100,000 men, the Turks take the fortresses of Akhlat and Manzikert before Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV Diogenes can respond. Although Diogenes is able to recapture Akhlat, the siege of Manzikert fails when a Turkish relief force arrives and Andronicus Ducas, an enemy of Romanus Diogenes, refuses to obey orders to fight. Diogenes himself is captured and released, but he would be murdered after his return to Constantinople. Partly because of the defeat at Manzikert and partly due to the civil wars following the murder of Digoenes, Asia Minor would be left open to Turkish invasion. One third of Christian Lands and 51% of Christian Churches fall to Islam.

1072 -Tancred of Hauteville is born. A grandson of Robert Guiscard and nephew of Bohemund of Taranto, Tancred would become a leader of the First Crusade and eventually regent of the Principality of Antioch.

December 15, 1072 -Malik Shah I, son of Alp Arslan, succeeds his father as Seljuk Sultan.

1073 -Seljuk Turks conquer Ankara.

July 1074 -El Cid marries Jimena, niece of Alfonso IV of Castile and daughter of the Count of Oviedo.

1076 -First recorded execution in England by the ax: the Earl of Huntingdon.

1078 -Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea. It would change hands three more times, finally coming under control of the Turks again in 1086.

1079 -Battle of Cabra: El Cid led his troops to a rout of Emir Abd Allah of Granada.

1080 -Order of the Hospital of St. John is founded in Italy. This special order of knights was dedicated to guarding a pilgrim hospital, or hostel, in Jerusalem.

1080 -An Armenian state is founded in Cilicia, a district on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (Turkey), north of Cyprus, by refugees feeling the Seljuk invasion of their Armenian homeland. A Christian kingdom located in the midst of hostile Muslim states and lacking good relations with the Byzantine Empire, “Armenia Minor” would provide important assistance to Crusaders from Europe.

1081 – 1118 -Alexius I Comnenus is Byzantine emperor.

1081 -El Cid, now a mercenary because he had been exiled by Alfonso IV of Castile, enters the service of the Moorish king of the northeast Spanish city of Zaragosa, al-Mu’tamin, and would remain there for his successor, al- Mu’tamin II.

1082 -Ibn Tumart, founder of the Amohad Dynasty, is born in the Atlas mountains.

1084 -Seljuk Turks conquer Antioch, a strategically important city.

October 25, 1085 -The Moors are expelled from Toledo, Spain, by Alfonso VI.

October 23, 1086 -Battle of Zallaca (Sagrajas): Spanish forces under Alfonso VI of Castile are defeated by the Moors and their allies, the Almorivids (Berbers from Morocco and Algeria, led by Yusef I ibn Tashufin), thus preserving Muslim rule in al-Andalus. The slaughter of Spaniards was great and Yusef refused to abide by his agreement to leave Andalusia in the hands of the Moors. His intention was actually to make Andalusia an African colony ruled by the Almorivids in Morocco.

1087 -After his crushing defeat at Zallaqa, Alfonso VI swallows his pride and recalls El Cid from exile.

September 13, 1087- Birth of John II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor.

1088 -Patzinak Turks begin forming settlements between the Danube and the Balkans.

March 12, 1088 -Urban II is elected pope. An active supporter of the Gregorian reforms, Urban would become responsible for launching the First Crusade.

1089 -Byzantine forces conquer the island of Crete.

1090 -Yusuf Ibn Tashfin, King of the Almoravids, captures Granada.

1091 -The Normans recapture Sicily from the Muslims.

1091 – Cordova (Qurtuba) is captured by the Almoravids.

1092 -After the death of Seljuk Sultan (al-sultan , “the power”) Malik Shah I, the capital of the Seljuks is moved from Iconjium to Smyrna and the empire itself dissolves into several smaller states.

May 1094-El Cid captures Valencia from the Moors, carving out his own kingdom along the Mediterranean that is only nominally subservient to Alfonso VI of Castile. Valencia would be both Christian and Muslim, with adherents of both religions serving in his army.

August 1094 -The Almoravids from Morocco land near Cuarte and lay siege to Valencia with 50,000 men. El Cid, however, breaks the siege and forces the Amoravids to flee – the first Christian victory against the hard-fighting Africans.

November 18, 1095 -Pope Urban II opens the Council of Clermont where ambassadors from the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, asking help against the Muslims, were warmly received.
Political foundations laid for the first “organized” Christian response to Jihad: the First Crusade.

These facts are taken from multiple open sources. If there is an error, let me know.

And now in Russian:

Джихад, который привел к Крестовым походам

Замечания Обамы относительно зла Крестовых походов следует детально проверить с помощью фактов. Вот целый список таких фактов:

0355 – После удаления Римского храма со своего места (возможно, храма Афродиты, построенного Адрианом), Константин I построил Церковь Гроба Господня в Иерусалиме. Легенда говорит, что при строительстве на месте раскопок холма распятия, мать Константина, Елена обнаружила там настоящий крест.

0613 – Захват персами Дамаска и Антиоха

0614 – Разграбление персами Иерусалима. Разграбление Церкви Гроба Господня в процессе захвата.

0633 – Завоевание мусульманами Сирии и Ирака

0634 – 0644 – Правление Омара (0591 – 0644) в качестве второго халифа.

0635 – Начало мусульманского завоевания Персии и Сирии.

0635 – Арабы- мусульмане захватывают Дамаск у византийцев

20 августа 0636 – Битва при Ярмуке (также – Ярмук, Хиромиакс). После захвата мусульманами Дамаска и Эдассы, византийский Император Гераклий собрал большую армию, которой удалось вернуть контроль над этими городами. Однако византийский военачальник Бахан потерпел сокрушительное поражение от мусульманских армий под командованием Халида ибн Валида в битве в долине реки Ярмук, неподалеку от Дамаска. Это оставило всю Сирию открытой для арабского господства

0637 – Арабы оккупировали персидскую столицу Ктезифон. К 0651, все Персидское царство оказалось под властью ислама и продолжило свою экспансию на Запад.

0637 – Сирия захвачена мусульманскими армиями.

0637 – Иерусалим пал в руки мусульманских захватчиков.

0638 – Халиф Омар I вошел в Иерусалим.

0639 – Мусульмане завоевали Египет и Персию.

0641 – Ислам распространился в Египте. Католический архиепископ призывает мусульман помочь освободить Египет от римских угнетателей.

0641 – Под предводительством Абд-аль-Рахмана, мусульмане захватывают южную часть Азербайджана, Дагестан, Грузию и Армению.

0641 – Под предводительством Амр-ибн-аль-Аса, мусульмане захватывают византийский город Александрия в Египте. Амр запрещает разграбление города и провозглашает свободу вероисповедания для всех. По некоторым свидетельствам, он также сжег остатки Большой библиотеки на следующий год.. Аль-Ас строит первый мусульманский город в Египте, Аль-Фустат, и строит там первую в Египте мечеть.

0644 – Мусульманский лидер Омар умирает и ему наследует Халиф Осман, член семьи Омейядов, который не признает пророчества Мухаммада. Устраиваются демонстрации в поддержку Али, двоюродного брата и зятя Мухаммада. Осман начинает вторжение на запад в Северную Африку.

0649 – Муавия I, член семьи Омейядов, совершает набег на Кипр и вторгается в столицу Саламин-Констанцию после короткой осады и подвергает весь остров разграблению.

0652 – Сицилия подвергается нападению мусульман, вышедших из Туниса (названного мусульманами Ифригия – название, которое позднее перешло на весь африканский континент).

0653 – Муавия I предводительствует в набеге на остров Родос, где захватывает части, оставшиеся от Родосского Колосса (одного из Семи чудес древнего мира), которые он отправляет пароходом обратно в Сирию и продает как металлолом.

0654 – Муавия I захватывает Кипр и располагает там большой гарнизон. Остров остается в руках мусульман до 0966.

0655 – Битва мачт. Это была единственная военно-морская победа мусульман за всю историю ислама. Силы мусульман под командованием Османа бин Аффана наносят поражение византийской армии императора Константа II. Битва происходит у берегов Ликии и является важным этапом в упадке византийской державы.

0661 – 0680 – Муавия, основатель династии Умаядов, становится халифом и переводит столицу из Мекки – в Дамаск.

0662 – Египет включен в Халифаты омейядов и абазидов вплоть до 868 н.э..В предшествующий год, Плодородный Полумесяц и Персия приносят доход Халифатам омейядов и абазидов, чье правление продолжалось до 1258 н.э. и 820 н.э., соответственно.

0667 – Сицилия атакована мусульманами, пришедшими из Туниса.

0668 – Первая осада Константинополя. Это нападение длится волнами семь лет. Зимой мусульмане, как правило, отсиживаются на острове Кизик, в нескольких милях к югу от Константинополя, и только весной начинают выступать против города и продолжают в течение весны и лета. Греки могут отбиться от частых нападений, применив оружие, которого арабы отчаянно боятся – Греческий огонь. Он прожигал корабли, щиты, плоть, и его нельзя было погасить после того, как он загорался. Муавия был вынужден отправить эмиссаров к византийскому императору Константу и умолять его беспрепятственно отпустить выживших домой, что было удовлетворено в обмен на ежегодную дань в 3000 слитков золота, 50 рабов и 50 арабских лошадей.

0669 – Мусульманское завоевание простирается до Марокко в Северной Африке. Регион оставался открытым для правления халифатов омайядов и абазидов до 800 н.э.

0672 – Мусульмане при Муавии I захватили остров Родос.

0674 – Арабские завоеватели добираются до реки Инд.

23 августа 0676 – Рождение Шарля Мартела (Шарль Молоток) в городе Херсталь, Валлония – побочного сына Пипина II. Служа управителем при дворе королевства франков, Шарль возглавил армию христиан, которая опрокинула мусульманское наступление в районе Пуатье (или Тура), чем, согласно мнению многих историков, эффективно остановила продвижение ислама против христиан на Западе.

0677 – Мусульмане отправляют большой флот против Константинополя в попытке окончательно сломить город, но они были наголову разгромлены с помощью Гречекого огня, примененного Византией и были вынуждены платить компенсацию императору.

0680 – Рождение Льва III Изаурийского, Византийского Императора, в районе турецко-сирийской границы, в сирийской провинции Коммажен. Тактические способности Льва III стали причиной возобновления второй осады Константинополя арабами мусульманами в 0717, вскоре после его избрания императором.

0688 – Император Юстиниан II и Халиф аль-Малик подписали мирный договор о превращении Кипра в нейтральную территорию. В следующие 300 лет, Кипр управлялся совместно византийцами и арабами, несмотря на продолжение военных действий между ними в других местах.

0691 – Рождение Хишама, 10-го Халифа из династии омайядов. Именно при Хишаме мусульманские силы наиболее глубоко проникли в Западную Европу прежде, чем они были остановлены Шарлем Мартелом в битве при Пуатье в 0732.

0698 – Мусульмане захватывают Карфаген в Северной Африке.

0700 – Мусульмане из Пантеллерии совершают набег на остров Сицилия.

0711 – С дальнейшими завоеваниями Египта, Испании и Северной Африки, Ислам уже включал под своим правлением всю Персидскую империю и большую часть древнего Римского мира. Мусульмане приступили к завоеванию провинции Синд в Афганистане.

Апрель 0711 – Тарик ибн Малик, офицер берберов, пересекает пролив, разделяющий Африку и Европу с группой мусульман, и вторгается в Испанию (Аль-Андалус, как называют ее мусульмане – слово этимологически связано со словом «вандал»). Первая остановка в арабском завоевании – Испания, находится у подножия горы, которой привелось называться Джабель Тарик, гора Тарика. Сегодня это место известно как Гибралтар. Одно время берберы были христианами, но после арабского завоевания Северной Африки, они в большом количестве обратились в ислам.

19 июля 0711 -.Битва при Гвадалете: Тарик ибн Зияд убивает короля Родриго (или Родерика), вестготского правителя Испании, на реке Гуадалете на юге Пиренейского полуострова. Тарик ибн Зияд совершает высадку в Гибралтаре с 7 000 мусульман по приглашению наследников покойного короля вестготов Витика (Витиза), который хотел избавиться от Родриго (эта группа включает Оннака, епископа Толедо и архиепископа всей Испании, который случился быть братом покойного короля Витика). Зияд, однако, отказывается передать власть в регионе обратно наследникам Витика. Почти весь Пиренейский полуостров подпадает под власть Ислама в 0718 н.э.

0712 – Мусульманский губернатор Северной Африки, Муса Ибн Нуссаир, следует за Тариком ибн Зиядом с 18-ти тысячной армией в подкрепление для завоевания Андалузии. Отец Мусы, йеменский католик, проходивший обучение, чтобы стать священником в Ираке, был захвачен Халидом, по прозвищу «Меч ислама» в Ираке, и вынужден выбирать между обращением в ислам и смертью. Вторжение в Ирак было одним из последних военных приказов Мухаммада до его смерти.

0714 – Рождение Пипина III (Пипина Кроткого) в городе Юпиль (Бельгия). Сын Шарля Мартела и отец Карла Великого, Пипин в 0759 взял Нарбон, последний оплот мусульман во Франции, и тем самым изгнал Ислам из страны.

0715 – К этому году почти вся Испания была в руках мусульман. Мусульманское завоевание Испании длилось к тому времени всего три года, однако, христианская реконкиста потребовала более 460 лет (она произошла бы гораздо скорее, если бы многочисленные христианские королевства не ссорились постоянно друг с другом ). Сын Мусы, Абд-эль-Азиз, остался у власти и сделал свое столицей Севилью, где он женился на Эгилоне, вдове короля Родриго. Халиф Сулейман, правитель-параноик, убил эль-Азиза и отправил Мусу в ссылку в его родную йеменскую деревню, где он закончил свои дни нищим.

0716 – Лиссабон захвачен мусульманами

0717 – Кордова (Куртуба) становится столицей мусульманских владений в Андалузии (Испания).

0717 – Лев Изаурийский , родившийся на турецко-сирийской границе в сирийской провинции Коммажен, восстал против узурпатора Феодосия III и захватил трон Византийской империи.

15 августа 0717 – Вторая осада Константинополя. Воспользовавшись гражданскими беспорядками в Византийской империи, Халиф Сулейман посылает 120 000 мусульман под командованием своего брата, Мослема, для осуществления второй осады Константинополя. Вскоре, ему на помощь из Сирии и Египта были отправлены около 100 000 мусульман и 1 800 галер. Большая часть этих армий была уничтожена Греческим огнем. В итоге, мусульмане, осаждавшие Константинополь, стали умирать от голода, а зимой, они стали замерзать насмерть. Даже булгары, обычно враждебно относившиеся к византийцам, послали армию для уничтожения мусульманского подкрепления, шедшего из Адрианополиса.

15 августа 0718 – Мусульмане прекращают вторую осаду Константинополя. Их поражение привело к ослаблению правительства омайядов, отчасти из-за тяжелых потерь. Предположительно, из 200 000 солдат, осаждавших Константинополь, домой вернулись лишь около 30 000. Хотя Византийская империя тоже понесла тяжелые жертвы и потеряла большую часть территории, к югу от Таврических гор при обороне линии в этом районе, она предотвратила столкновение неорганизованной и слабой в военном отношении Европы с мусульманскими оккупантами на самой короткой дороге. Зато арабское вторжение в Европу произошло по длинной дороге, через Северную Африку и Испанию, что помешало быстрому прибытию подкрепления и, в конце концов, оказалось неэффективным.

0719 – Нападение мусульман на Септиманию на юге Франции (она была названа так, потому что это была оперативная база седьмого легиона Рима) и на регион, известный как Лангедок, прославившийся несколько сотен лет спустя как центр катарской ереси.

09 июля 0721 – Мусульманская армия под командованием Аль- Сема, которая пересекла Пиренеи, была разгромлена франками недалеко от Тулузы. Аль-Сема был убит, а его уцелевшие остатки армии, раннее завоевавшей Нарбонну, были вынуждены вернуться через Пиренеи в Испанию.
0722 – Битва при Ковадонге: Пелайо (0690-0737),знатный вестгот, избранный первым королем Астурии (0718- 0737), разгромил мусульманскую армию при Алькаме возле Кавадонги. Это обычно рассматривается как первая настоящая победа христиан над мусульманами в Реконкисте.

0724 – Хишам становится 10-ым Халифом династии Умаядов . Именно при его правлении армии мусульман совершили самое глубокое проникновение в Западную Европу до того, как были остановлены Шарлем Мартелом в битве при Пуатье в 0732.

0724 – Под командованием Амбиссы, Эмира Андалузии, мусульманские армии напали на Южноую Францию и захватили города Каркассон и Ним. Основными целями в этих и других нападениях являются церкви и монастыри, откуда мусульмане уносили святыни и порабощали или убивали всех священнослужителей.

0725 – Мусульманские войска оккупировали Ним, Франция.

0730 – Мусульманские войска занимают французские города Нарбонн и Авиньон

10 Октября 0732 – Битва при Туре: С помощью полутора тысяч солдат, Шарль Мартел останавливает мусульманские силы, насчитывавшие около 40 000-60 000 кавалерии Абд Эль Рахмана аль-Гафиги, не дав ему придвинуться дальше в Европу Многие считают эту битву решающей в том, что она спасла Европу от мусульманского правления. Гиббон писал: «Победная линия марша была растянута на тысячи миль выше Гибралтарского утеса до берегов Луары. Повторение такого же пространства привело бы сарацин в пределы Польши и нагорья Шотландии. Рейн не более непроходимый, чем Нил и Евфрат, а арабский морской флот мог бы зайти без боя в устье Темзы. Возможно, толкование Корана преподавалось бы теперь в школах Оксфорда, а его кафедры демонстрировали бы обрезанным людям святость и истину откровений Мухаммада». Другие, однако, утверждают, что значение битвы было преувеличено. Имена Тур, Пуатье и Шарль Мартел не отображаются в арабских историях. Они перечисляют эти сражения под названием Балат Аль – Шухада, «Шоссе Мучеников», и рассматривают их как мелкие стычки.

0735 – Мусульманские оккупанты захватывают город Арль

0737 – Шарль Мартел посылает своего брата, Хильдебранда, осадить Авиньон и выкурить оттуда мусульманских захватчиков. Хильдебранд успешно выполняет это задание и, согласно записям, убивает всех мусульман в городе.

0739 – Уже отбив Нарбонн, Безье, Монпелье и Ним в предыдущие несколько лет, Хильдебранд захватывает Марсель, один из крупнейших французских городов, бывший по-прежнему в руках мусульман.

8 июня 0741 – Смерть Льва III Изаурийского., Тактические навыки византийского императора Льва привели к возобновлению второй осады Константинополя арабскими мусульманами в 0717, вскоре после того, как он был избран императором.

22 октября 0741.- Смерть Шарля Мартела (Шарль Молоток) в Квирзи (сегодня – Эна в районе Пикарди во Франции). В качестве управителя дворца Королевства франков, Шарль предводительствовал силами христиан, которые повернули назад мусульманское наступление возле Пуатье (или Тура), что по мнению многих историков, фактически остановило продвижение Ислама против христианства на Западе.

04 апреля 0742 –Рождение Карла Великого, основателя Франкской Империи.

0743 –Смерть Хишама, 10-го Халифа династии омайядов. Именно под властью Хишама мусульманские войска совершили самое глубокое проникновение в Западную Европу до того, как были остановлены Шарлем Мартелом в битве при Пуатье в 0732.

0750- Сказки Тысячи и одной ночи – сборник сказок был написан в царствие абазидов. Сказки представляли образ жизни администрации правительства под влиянием персов.

0750 – 08500750 – 0850 –Создаются 4 ортодоксальные школы Исламского права.

0750 –Абазиды захватывают контроль над исламскими миром (за исключением Испании. Попавшей под власть отпрыска семьи омейядов) и переводят столицу в Багдад, в Ирак. Халифат абазидов продержался до 1258.

Сентябрь 0755 – Абд аль Рахман из династии омейядов, бежит в Испанию, чтобы избежать абазидов, и создает в Испании «Золотой халифат».

0756 – Эмират Кордоба устанавливается бежавшим от омейядов Абд аль Рахманом I для того, чтобы возродить Халифат, разрушенный абазидами в 0750. Кордова становится независимой от империи абазидов и представляет собой первое крупное политическое деление внутри ислама. Политическая и географическая изоляция Халифата Кордова делает легким для христиан решительно победить его, несмотря на свои неудачи в других местах, хотя это не будет осуществлено ранее 1492.

0759 – Арабы теряют город Нарбонн во Франции – их дальнее и последнее завоевание на франкской территории. Захватом этого города Пипином III (Пипин Короткий) заканчивается мусульманское вторжение во Францию.

24 сентября 0768-смерть Пипина III (Пипина Короткого) в Сент-Денизе. Сын Карла Мартела и отец Карла Великого, Пиппин, захватил Нарбонн в 0759 как последний оплот мусульман во Франции и, тем самым, изгнал Ислам из Франции.

0768 – Сын Пипина, Carolus Magnus (Карл Великий), стал преемником своего отца и одним из самых важных европейских правителей средневекового периода истории.

0778 – Карл Великий, король франков и будущий Император Священной Римской Империи, был приглашен группой арабских лидеров для нападения на Абд аль Рахмана I, правителя эмирата Кордова. Карл Великий оказывает им эту услугу, но вынужден отступить, только дойдя до Сарагоссы..Во время его возвращения обратно через Пиренеи, его войска попадают в засаду к баскам. Среди многих погибших – герой войны Роланд из Бретона, убитый в Ронсевале. Память о нем сохранилась в «Песне о Роланде», важной эпической поэме средних веков.

0785 – Построена Большая мечеть в Кордове, в мусульманской Испании

0787 – Датчане впервые вторгаются в Англию.

0788 – Смерть Абд аль-Рахмана I, основателя эмирата Кордова омейядов. Его преемником стал Хишам I.

0792 – Хишам I, Эмир Кордовы, призывает к джихаду против неверных в Андалузии и Франции. Десятки тысяч откликаются в Сирии на его призыв и переходят через Пиренеи, чтобы покорить Францию. Разрушен город Нарбонн, но в итоге вторжение отменяется в Каркассоне.

0796 – Смерть Хишама I, Эмира Кордовы. Его преемником становится его сын, Аль-Хакама, который продолжает джихад против христиан, а также вынужден бороться против восстания дома.

0799 – Баски поднимают восстание и убивают местного мусульманского губернатора города Памплона.

0800 – Северная Африка попадает под власть династии Аглаби в Тунисе, которая длится до 0909 н.э..

0800-1200- Евреи живут в «Золотой век» творчества и веротерпимости в Испании под властью мавров (мусульман).

0800 – Послы Халифа Гарун-ар-Рашида дают ключи от церкви Гроба Господня франкскому королю, признавая, таким образом, некоторый контроль франков над интересами христиан в Иерусалиме.

0801 – Викинги начинают продавать рабов для мусульман.

0806 – Хиен Цунг становится императором Китая. Во время его правления дефицит меди приводит к введению бумажных денег.

0813 – Мусульмане атакуют Циви Веккия вблизи Рима.

04 апреля 0814 – Смерть Карла Великого, основателя франкской империи.

0816 – При поддержке мавров, баски восстали против франков в Гаскони.

0822 – Смерть Аль-Хакама, Эмира Кордовы. Он был преемником Абд аль Рахмана II.

Июнь 0827- Сицилия захвачена мусульманами, которые на этот раз, хотят взять под контроль остров, а не просто унести добычу. Им изначально помогал Эфемий, византийский флотоводец, который восстал против императора. Завоевание острова потребовало 75 лет ожесточенных боев.

0831 – Мусульманские захватчики захватили сицилийский город Палермо и сделали его своей столицей.

0835 – Рождение Ахмада ибн Тултуна, основателя династии Тулунидов в Египте. Первоначально он был послан туда как посланник Халифата абазидов, Тултун определил себя в качестве независимой власти в регионе, расширив свое управление до севера Сирии. При Тултуне была построена Большая мечеть Каира.

0838 – Мусульманские налетчики захватывают Марсель

0841 – Мусульманские войска захватывают Бари, главную византийскую базу на юго-востоке Италии.

0846 – Мусульманские захватчики снаряжают парусный флот из Африки в направление реки Тибр и атакуют районы, прилегающие к Остии и Риму. Некоторым удается войти в Рим и причинить ущерб церкви Святого Петра и Святого Павла. Налетчики уходят только после обещания папы Льва IV платить ежегодную дань в 25 000 серебряных монет. Львиная стена построена для того, чтобы отбиваться от дальнейших атак, таких как эта.

0849 – Битва при Остии: Аглабидский монарх Мухаммад отправляет флот из Сардинии для нападения на Рим. Когда корабли приготовились спустить войска на берег, начался сильнейший шторм, который вкупе с альянсом христиан уничтожил мусульманские корабли.

0850 – Акрополь Зимбабве построен в Родезии.

0850 – Перфект, христианский священник в мусульманской Кордове, казнен после отказа забрать обратно многочисленные оскорбления, которые он нанес Пророку Мухаммаду. После него последовали многочисленные священники, монахи и миряне, которых охватила жажда мученичества.

0851- Абд аль Рахман II казнит в городе Кордова одиннадцать молодых христиан после того, как они сознательно искали мученичества, оскорбляя Пророка Мухаммеда.

0852 – Смерть Эмира Кордовы Абд аль Рахмана II.

0858- Мусульманские захватчики атакуют Константинополь.

0859 – Мусульманские захватчики берут сицилийский город Кастроджиованни (Энна) и вырезают несколько тысяч жителей.

0863 – При Кирилле (0826-0869) и Мефодии (0815-0885) начинается обращение Моравии. Два брата были присланы константинопольским патриархом в Моравию, где правитель, Ростилав постановил в 863, что любая проповедь должна читаться на языке народа. В результате, Кирилл и Мефодий разработали первый практический алфавит для славянского языка – кириллицу.

0866 – Император Людовик II отправляется в путешествие из Германии в южную Италию на битву с мусульманскими налетчиками, вызвав там проблемы.

0868 – Династия Саттаридов, правление которой продолжалось до 0930 н.э., расширила мусульманский контроль на большей части Персии. В Египте, Халифаты абазидов и омейядов пришли к концу, и власть захватила династии Тулунидов, обосновавшаяся в Египте (до 904 н.э.).

0869 – Арабы захватили остров Мальта.

0870 – После месячной осады сицилийский город Сиракузы был захвачен мусульманскими захватчиками.

0871 – Король Альфред Великий в Англии создал систему правительства и образования, которая позволила объединить небольшие англо-саксонские государства в девятом и десятом веках.

0874 – Исландия колонизована викингами из Норвегии.

0876 – Мусульмане разграбили Кампанья в Италии.

0879 – Империя сельджуков объединяет большую часть Персии и Месопотамии.

0880 – При императоре Василии византийцы отвоевали земли, оккупированные арабами в Италии.

0884 – Смерть Ахмада ибн Тултуна, основателя династии Тулунидов в Египте. Первоначально посланный как представитель Халифата абазидов, Тултун зарекомендовал себя как независимая власть в регионе, расширив свое правление далеко на север Сирии. При Тултуне была построена Большая мечеть в Каире.

0884 – Мусульмане, вторгшиеся в Италию, дотла сжигают монастырь Монте-Кассино.

0898 – Рождение Абд аль Рахмана III, в целом рассматриваемого в качестве величайшего Халифа омейядов в Андалузии. При его правлении, Кордова становится одним из самых мощных центров исламского образования и власти.

0900 – Фатимиды в Египте завоевали Северную Африку и включили ее территории как расширение Египта до 0972 н.э..

0900 – Майя эмигрировали на полуостров Юкатан.

0902 – Мусульманское завоевание Сицилии завершается после захвата последнего оплота христиан, города Таоминия. Мусульманское господство в Сицилии продолжалось 264 года

0905-Династия Тулунидов в Египте была уничтожена армией абазидов, посланной для восстановления контроля над Египтом и Сирией.

0909 – Сицилия оказалась под контролем Фатимидов в Северной Африке и Египте до 1071н.э.. С 0878 по 0909 н.э. их правление в Сицилии был неопределенным.

0909 – Династия Фатимидов захватила контроль над Египтом. Утверждая свое происхождение от Фатимы, дочери пророка Мухаммеда и Али ибн Аби Талиба, Фатимиды правили в Египте, пока их не свергли Ауибиды и Саладин в 1171.

0911 – Мусульмане контролируют все дороги в Альпах между Францией и Италией, перекрыв проход между двумя странами.

0912-Абд аль- Рахман III становится Халифом омейядов в Андалузии.

0916 – Объединенные силы греческих и немецких императоров и итальянских городов-государств побеждают мусульманских захватчиков при Гарильяно, положив конец мусульманским набегам в Италии.

0920 – Мусульманские армии пересекают Пиренеи, входят в Гасконь и достигают ворот в Тулузу.

0929 – Абд аль Рахман III превращает эмират Кордова в независимый халифат, который больше не находится, даже теоретически, под контролем Багдада.

0935 – 0969 – Египет находится под властью династии Ихидидов.

0936 – Альтинг, старейший орган представительного правительства в Европе, устанавливается викингами в Исландии

0939 – Мадрид отбит от мусульманских войск.

0940 – Хью, граф Прованса, предоставляет свою защиту маврам в Сен-Тропезе, в обмен на их согласие закрыть альпийские перевалы для его соперника, Беранже.

0950 – Католицизм становится распространенным и ведущим в Европе.

0950 – Согласно традиционной историографии, Европа вступает темное средневековье.

0953 – Император Отто I направляет представителей в Кордову просить Халифа Абд аль Рахмана III отозвать своих мусульманских мародеров, которые обосновались на альпийских перевалах и атакуют торговые караваны, идущие в Италию и из нее.

0961 – Смерть Абд аль-Рахмана III, рассматриваемого в целом как величайшего Халифа омейядов в Андалузии. При его правлении Кордова стала одним из самых мощных центров исламского образования и власти. Он наследовал Абдалле, халифу, который убил многих из своих соперников (даже родственников) и обезглавливал захваченных христиан, если они не отказывались от Христианства

0961 – Под командованием генерала Никифора Фока, византийцы отбили Крит от мусульманских повстанцев, ранее бежавших в Кордову.

0965 – Византийский император Никифор Фока отвоевывает Кипр от мусульман.

0965 – Гренобль отбит от мусульман.

0969 – Династия Фатимидов (шииты) забирает Египет от Ихсидидов и прсваивает себе титул Халифа в Египте до 1171 н.э..

0969 – Византийский император Никифор II Фока отвоевывает Антиохию (современная Антакия, столица провинции Хатай) у арабов.

0972 – Фатимиды Египта покоряют Северную Африку.

0972 – Мусульмане в районе Систерон во Франции сдаются силам христиан, и их лидер просит его крестить.

0981 –Эрик Рыжий изгоняется из Исландии и оседает в новой земле, которую он называет Гренландией для привлечения поселенцев.

0981 – Рамиро III, король Леона, терпит поражение от Аль-Мансура ибн Аби Амира (Альмансор) при Руеде и вынужден платить дань Халифу Кордовы.

0985 – Аль-Мансур ибн Аби Амир захватывает Барселону

0994 – Монастырь Монте-Кассино разрушен арабами во второй раз.

0995 – Японская литература и Золотой век искусств начинается в правление императора Фудзивара Михинага (правил с 0995 по 1028).

03 июля 0997 – Под предводительством Альмансора, мусульманские сухопутные силы вышли из Кордовы и направились для захвата северных христианских земель.

11 августа 0997 мусульманские войска под командованием Альмансора прибыли в город Компостела. Город был эвакуирован, и Альмансор сжигает его дотла.

0998 – Венеция завоевывает Адриатический порт Зара. Венецианцы в конечном итоге уступили город венграм, и в 1202 они предложили сделку воинам четвёртого крестового похода: снова захватить город для них в обмен на проход в Египет.

1000 – Китайцы совершенствуют производство и использование пороха

1000 – Основана Турецкая империя сельджуков (сальджуков) турецким Огуз беем (вождем) по имени Сельджук. Происходившие из степной полосы вокруг Каспийского моря, сельджуки являются предками западных тюрок, населяющих в настоящее время Турцию, Туркмению, Узбекистан и Азербайджан.

08 августа 1002 – Смерть аль-Мансура ибн Аби Амира, правителя Аль-Андалус на обратном пути после набега на район Риоха.

1004 – Арабский набег на итальянский город Пиза.

1007 – Рождение Исаака I Комнина, византийского императора. Основатель династии Комнени. Правительственные реформы Исаака, возможно, помогли Византийской империи еще продлиться

1009 – Гроб Господень в Иерусалиме уничтожен мусульманскими войсками.

1009 – Халиф аль-Хаким Би Амр-Аллах, основатель секты друзов и шестой халиф Фатимидов в Египте, приказал уничтожить Гроб и все христианские здания в Иерусалиме. В Европе распространяется слух , что «Принц Вавилона».приказал разрушить Гроб Господень по наущению евреев. Начались нападения на еврейские общины в таких городах, как Руан, Орлеан и Майнц, по очереди, и этот слух помог создать основания для резни в еврейских общинах направлявшимися на Святую землю крестоносцами.

1009 – Сулейман, внук Абд аль Рахмана III, возвращает кастильцам более 200 захваченных крепостей в обмен на массовые поставки продовольствия для своей армии.

1012 – Халиф аль-Хаким Би Амр-Аллах, основатель секты друзов и шестой халиф Фатимидов в Египте, приказывает уничтожить все христианские и еврейские молитвенные дома в его землях.

1012 – Армия берберов захватывает Кордову и требует казнить половину населения.

1013 – Евреи изгоняются из омейядского Халифата Кордова, где в то время правил Сулейман.

1015 – Арабские мусульманские войска покоряют Сардинию.

1016 – Купол Скалы в Иерусалиме частично разрушен землетрясениями.

1020 – Купцы из Амальфи и Салерно предоставляют разрешение египетскому Халифу построить хоспис в Иерусалиме. Из этого, в конечном итоге, возник Орден рыцарей больницы Святого Иоанна Иерусалимского (также известных как: Мальтийские рыцари, Рыцари Родоса, но чаще всего – как госпитальеры).

1021 – Халиф аль-Хаким провозглашает себя Божественным и основывает друзскую секту.

1022 – Обнаружены несколько еретиков катаров в Тулузе и преданы смерти.

1023 -Мусульмане изгоняют берберских правителей из Кордовы и назначают Халифом Абд эр Рахмана V.

1025 – Начинается упадок могущества Византийской империи

1026 – Ричард II Нормандский предводительствует в группе из нескольких сотен вооруженных людей, направляющихся на паломничество в Святую землю, полагающих, что пришел Судный день. Однако турецкий контроль этого региона препятствует их цели.

1027 – Франкский протекторат христианских интересов в Иерусалиме заменяется византийским протекторатом. Византийские лидероы начинают восстановление церкви Гроба Господня.

1029 – Рождение Альп Арслана, «Героя Льва». Арслан — сын Тогрул-Бека, завоевателя Багдада,, и правнук сельджуков, основатель турецкой империи сельджуков, который провозгласил сам себя правителем Халифата.

1031 – Мавританский Халифат Кордовы приходит в упадок.

1031 – Эмир Алеппо строит Крак де Шевалье.

1033 – Кастилия отбита от арабов.

1035 – Византийцы высаживаются в Сицилии, но не пытаются отбить остров от мусульман.

1038 – Турки-сельджуки укрепились в Персии.

1042 – Начинается подъем турок-сельджуков

1045 – 1099- Период жизни Руй Диаса де Вивара, известного как Эль Сид (по-арабски «Господь), национальный герой Испании. Эль Сид стал известен за свои попытки выбить мавров из Испании.

18 мая 1048 – Родился персидский поэт Омар Хайям. Его стихотворные Рубайи стали популярными на Западе из-за использования их викторианцем Эдвардом Фицджеральдом.

1050 – 1200 – Первая сельскохозяйственная революция средневековой Европы начинается в 1050 н.э. с переходом на северные земли для пахоты. Это был период улучшения климата в Западной Европе с 700 н.э. по 1200 н.э.1200 н.э. и широкого использования и совершенствования новых устройств земледелия. Технологические инновации включают в себя использование тяжелых плуг, трехпольной системы севооборота, использование фабрик для обработки тканей, пивоварение, измельчение целлюлозы для производства бумаги и широкого использования железа и лошадей. С увеличением сельскохозяйственных достижений, в Западной Европе резко стали развиваться города и торговля, и она возвращается к денежной экономике.

1050 – Родился герцог Боэмунд I (Боэмунд Таранто, по-французски Bohémond de Tarente), князь Отранто (1089 — 1111). Один из лидеров первого крестового похода, Боэмунд в значительной степени несет ответственность за захват Антиохии, и защищает титул князя Антиохии (1098-1101, 1103-04).

1050 – Византийский император Константин IX Мономах восстанавливает комплекс Гроба Господня в Иерусалиме.

1054 – Голод в Египте заставляет войска Аль-Мустансира, 8-го Халифа фатимидов, добиваться продовольственной и другой коммерческой помощи из Италии и Византии.

16 июля 1054 – Происходит Великий раскол: Западная христианская церковь, в целях дальнейшего укрепления своей власти, пытается навязать латинские обряды греческим церквям в южной Италии в 1052; как следствие, латинские церкви в Константинополе были закрыты. В итоге, это приводит к отлучению Мишеля Керулария, Патриарха Константинопольского (который, в свою очередь, был отлучен от церкви папой римским Лео IX). Хотя в то время это рассматривалось как незначительное событие, сегодня оно считается заключительным мероприятием, которое наложило печать на большой раскол между Восточным и Западным христианством

1055 –Турецкие сельджуки захватили Багдад

1056 – Династия альморавидов (Аль Мурабитун) начинает свое восхождение к власти. Взяв имя «те, кто встает на защиту веры», эта группа фанатичных мусульман берберов будет править Северной Африкой и Испанией до 1147.

1061 – Роже Гискар вступает в Сицилию с большой армией норманнов и захватывает город Мазара. Норманское завоевание Сицилии будет длиться еще 30 лет.

1063 – Альп Арслан становится преемником своего отца, Тогрул-бека, как правитель Багдадского Халифата и турок-сельджуков.

1064 –Турецкие сельджуки покоряют христианскую Армению

29 сентября 1066 – Вильям-Завоеватель вторгается в Англию и претендует на английский трон в битве при Гастингсе. Поскольку Вильям является одновременно королем Англии и герцогом Нормандии, нормандское завоевание предохранило французскую и английскую культуры. Язык Англии развивается в среднеанглийский язык с английским синтаксисом и грамматикой и преимущественно французской лексикой.

1067 – Роман IV Диоген становится византийским императором.

1068 – Альп Арслан вторгается в Византийскую империю и изгоняется Романом IV Диогеном в течение трех кампаний. Турки вернутся только к 1070, через реку Евфрат.

1070 – Турки-сельджуки захватывают Иерусалим у фатимидов. Правление сельджуков совсем не такое терпимое, как фатимидов, и христианские паломники начинают возвращаться в Европу с рассказами о преследованиях и угнетении.

1070 – Брат Жерар, предводитель монахов и монахинь бенедиктинцев, которые управляют хосписом в Иерусалиме, начинает организацию Ордена рыцарей больницы Святого Иоанна в Иерусалиме, рыцарей Мальты, Родоса, но больше всего – рыцарей госпитальеров, в военную силу для защиты христианских паломников.

1071 – Норманны покоряют последние византийские владения в Италии.

1071 – 1085 – Турки-сельджуки покоряют большую часть Сирии и Палестины.

19 августа 1071 – Происходит битва при Манцикерте. Альп Арслан командует войсками сельджуков против Византийской империи вблизи озера Ван. В количестве 100 000 человек, турки взяли крепости Ахлат и Манцикерт, прежде чем византийский император Роман IV Диоген смог ответить. Хотя Диоген был способен отбить Ахлат, осада Манцикерта потерпела неудачу, когда прибыло турецкое подкрепление, и Андроник Дука, враг Романа Диогена, отказался воевать. Сам Диоген был захвачен и отпущен, но был убит после своего возвращения в Константинополь. Отчасти из-за поражения при Манцикерте и отчасти – из-за гражданских войн после убийства Диогена, Малая Азия оказалась открытой для турецкого вторжения. Одна треть христианских земель и 51% христианских церквей попали в руки Ислама.

1072 – Рождается Танкред Отвиль. Внук Роберта Гискара и племянник Боэмунда Таранто, Танкред станет лидером первого крестового похода и, в конечном итоге, регентом княжества Антиохии.

15 декабря 1072 – Малик-шах I, сын Альп Арслана, стал преемником своего отца в качестве сельджукского султана.

1073 – Турки-сельджуки захватывают Анкару

Июль 1074-Эль Сид женится на Химене, племяннице Альфонсо IV (короля Кастилии) и дочери графа Овьедо.

1076 – Первая документированная казнь топором в Англии: граф Хантингдон.

1078 – Турки-сельджуки захватывают Никею. Она будет переходить из рук в руки еще три раза, наконец, снова попадет под власть турок в 1086.

1079 – Битва при Кабре: армия Эль Сида вызвала бегство эмира Гренады Абд Аллаха.

1080 – В Италии основан Орден госпитальеров Святого Иоанна. Этот особый рыцарский Орден был посвящен охране больницы паломников или хостеля в Иерусалиме.

1080 – Армянское государство основано в Киликии, районе на юго-восточном побережье Малой Азии (Турция), к северу от Кипра, беженцами , бежавшими от нашествия сельджуков на родине армянских беженцев. Христианское королевство располагалось посреди враждебных мусульманских государств при отсуствии хороших отношений с Византийской империей. «Малая Армения» обеспечит важную помощь крестоносцам из Европы.

1081 – 1118 – Алексей I Комнин становится византийским императором.

1081 – Эль-Сид в качестве наемника, поскольку был сослан Альфонсо IV Кастильским, поступает на службу к мавританскому королю северо-восточного испанского города Сарагосса , Аль-Мутамину, и остается у него в качестве его преемника, Аль-Мутмина II.

1082 – В Атласских горах родился Ибн Тумарт, основатель династии Амохадов.

1084 – Турки-сельджуки завоевали Антиохию, стратегически важный город.

23 октября 1086 – Состоялась битва при Заллаке (Саграхе). Испанские войска во главе с Альфонсо VI Кастильским были разгромлены маврами и их союзниками, альморивидами (берберами из Марокко и Алжира, во главе с Юсефом I ибн Ташуфином), сохранив,таким образом, мусульманское владычество в Аль Андалус. Резня испанцев была страшной, и Юсеф отказался от своего согласия оставить Андалузию в руках мавров. Его намерением было, на самом деле, сделать Андалузию африканской колонией под властью альморивидов в Марокко.

1087 – После своего сокрушительное поражение при Заллаке, Альфонсо VI вынужден проглотить свою гордость и отозвать Эль Сида из изгнания.

13 сентября, 1087 – рождение Иоанна II Комнина, византийского императора.

1088 – Турки Пацинака начинают строительство поселений между Дунаем и Балканами.

12 марта 1088 -Урбан II избран Папой римским. Активный сторонник грегорианских реформ, Урбан станет инициатором первого крестового похода.

1089 – Византийские силы покоряют остров Крит.

1090 – Юсуф ибн Ташуфин, король альморавидов, захватывает Гранаду

1091 – Норманны отвоевали Сицилию от мусульман

1091 – Кордова (Куртуба) захвачена альморавидами

1092 – После смерти сельджукского султана (аль-Султан, «власть») Малик-шаха I, столица сельджуков перемещается из Иконджума в Смирну, а сама империя распадается на несколько мелких государств.

Май 1094 – Эль Сид захватывает Валенсию у мавров, очертив свое царство вдоль Средиземного моря, только номинально подчиненное Альфонсо VI Кастильскому. Валенсия была как христианской, так и мусульманской, и последователи обеих религий служили в его армии.

Август 1094-Альморавиды из Марокко вошли в земли вблизи Куарте и осадили Валенсию с 50 000 человек. Эль Сид, однако, сломал осаду, и армия аморавидов бежала – первая победа христиан над ожесточенно сражавшимися африканцами.

18 ноября 1095-Папа римский Урбан II открывает Совет в Клермоне, на котором были тепло приняты послы византийского императора Алексея I Комнина, просящие помочь против мусульман.

Политические предпосылки привели к первому «организованному» ответу христиан на джихад – Первый крестовый поход.

Эти факты взяты из различных открытых источников. Если есть ошибки, дайте мне знать.

We’re at the time in history when ISIS, also called Islamic State or ISIL, has cut off the head of someone in the media. And it was so atrocious that many chose to speak out against it and one of them was Obama.

Here’s what Obama says about Islamic State, “They’ve rampaged across cities and villages killing innocents. They abduct women and children, subject them to torture and rape and slavery. They’ve murdered Moslems, both Sunni and Shia, by the thousands. They target Christians and religious minorities, driving them from their homes, murdering them because they practice a different religion. ISIL speaks for no religion.”

Well, really what Obama’s saying here is Islamic State is not Islamic. That’s really what he’s saying briefly. But, you know it’s not up to Obama to tell us what Islam is. Islam is defined by Mohammed and Allah.

Now, let’s see what happened in the Sira, the life of Mohammed, his official biography, about all these points and let’s start with of all things, rape. On the occasion of Khaybar, once the Jews had been crushed, Mohammed put forth new orders as to how sex would be had with captured women. They were not to be had sex with when they’re having their period, nor if they’re pregnant.So here we have Mohammed giving orders on how to have sex with captives. This is called rape. It is pure Mohammed.

Now, what about the issue of torture. Well, on the same event, once he crushed the Jews at Khaybar, he knew they had buried treasure and so he questioned the chieftain. “Where’s the money? Where’s the gold? Where’s the silver?” And he wouldn’t tell him. So, Mohammed ordered the chieftain staked out on the ground and a small fire built on his chest. Still he would not speak. And so they unstaked him and took him to a man who had lost a brother in the fight against the Jews at Khaybar and he beheaded the Jewish chieftain.

So, here in one event we have torture, we have Jew hatred and we have beheading. All of these are pure Islam.

Now, let’s deal with sex slaves. From the lot of the women, Mohammed had chosen three to give as gifts of pleasure to his chief lieutenants. He gave one to Umar, gave one to Ali and one to Uthman. Oddly enough, Umar passed his sex slave on to his son. So, sex slavery is pure Mohammed.

Now, what about slavery? I’m going to read you a list of things that Mohammed was involved in with slavery. All of these come from the Sira. And by the way, all of these references can be found on politicalislam.com. He was involved in every aspect of slavery. He had Kafir men killed so their women could be made slaves. He gave away slaves for gifts. He owned many slaves, many of them black. He stood by while others beat slaves. He shared the pleasure of forced sex with women conquests. He captured slaves and wholesaled them and retailed them for the profit of jihad. His favorite sexual partner was a sex slave, a Christian woman, who bore him a son. He got slaves as gifts. His pulpit was made by a slave. He ate meals prepared by slaves. His robes were repaired by slaves. And he approved of having sex with your slaves. And if a slave didn’t obey his master he would not go to paradise. Well, that’s pretty clear about the slavery, an issue in Islam.

Now, let’s deal with the last thing, killing Christians. Mohammed had two records in dealing with Christians in Arabia. One was he was kind to them and listened to them. But, once he had crushed the pagans and once he had crushed the Jews, he then turned his attention to the Christians. He sent Khalid, also known as The Sword of Allah, to the fort of a Christian ruler and when the ruler and his brother rode out they killed one and captured the other and subjugated the Christian tribe, made them obey the Sharia and pay the jizyah.

Let me be very clear, Mohammed was a pagan killer, a Jew killer and a Christian killer. Now, let’s go back to what started this off. Who is to determine what Islam is, Obama? No. Mohammed tells us what Islam is and we need to listen to Mohammed and we can ignore Mr. Obama.

Thank you.

Bill Warner, Director, Center for the Study of Political Islam
Permalink: https://politicalislam.com/islamic-state-do-we-believe-obama-or-mohammed
Copyright © CSPI, LLC, politicalislam.com
Use as needed, just give credit and do not edit.
www.politicalislam.com

Obama and many other apologists for Islam tell us that the Islamic State, ISIS, has nothing to do with Islam. Five experts challenge that statement.

The original video by Islamic State can be seen:
http://grid.pjmedia.com/?cmd=view-show-profile-article&id=2087

Bill Warner, Director, Center for the Study of Political Islam
Permalink: https://politicalislam.com/is-islamic-state-islamic-five-experts-speak/
Copyright © 2014 CSPI, LLC, politicalislam.com
Use as needed, just give credit and do not edit.
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It appears that the Obama administration is spying on churches and using the IRS to punish churches about their 501c3 tax exempt status (H/T AtlasShrugs). According to the article, the Obama administration has a program of snooping on the activity in and by churches. The collected church intelligence deals with members who are with Tea Party or who speak publically about guns. (Remember: “cling to their guns and Bibles”.) Some ministers believe that agents may have joined churches to spy.

As bizarre as this may seem, it dovetails with other known Obama administration views. Homeland Security has a profile (yes, all law enforcement uses profiling) of the pro-life, pro-gun, pro-Constitution and pro-Bible white Christian as being a potential terrorist.

We do know that the IRS has targeted conservatives, pro-Israel, pro-life, Tea Party and even Billy Graham. When the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association backed the North Carolina ballot initiative about gay marriage, it was notified by the IRS that its tax exempt status was going to be revoked. In the end it was not revoked, but the threat cost money, time and hassle.

All of this has the desired effect of chilling free speech in the churches.

Here is the point: there is no outcry from the churches! This lack of outrage is a measure of the health of Christianity in America-so weak that it cannot even protest the abuse. But, we already knew how morally weak the church is in its response to rape, theft, enslavement and murder of Christians throughout the Islamic world. Christians are the most persecuted demographic group in the world. Over 100,000 thousand Christians died last year, and the response of the churches is to smile and hold a dialog with Muslims who are brothers with the jihadist persecutors. Dhimmi ministers speak of loving their Muslim neighbors, but show no concern for dead Christians. The day of a minister having a Bible in one hand and a newspaper in the other is over. The new gospel is: What, me worry?

Why does the moral and spiritual decay of the church matter to a counter-jihadist? This is a civilizational war and our spiritual flank is unprotected. Instead of the church being a guard dog, it is a poodle. Ministers cannot even protect their own flocks, much less the nation. Back in the past the church was the foundation of the nation and a guardian of our society. But now the church won’t even bark at an enemy-foreign or domestic. All the church wants is a scratch behind the ears by the intruder. (In fairness, only 95% of the churches are being condemned here.) To be complete, the synagogues are a swamp of ignorance and cowardliness, as well.

So, to the counter-jihadist the church is at best a dead weight of massive ignorance and is frequently found in bridge-building dialogues with the enemy-Islam.

Bill Warner, Director, Center for the Study of Political Islam
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Last week, Obama gave his much anticipated talk in Cairo and spoke at length about Islam. If you would like an excellent tactical analysis of his speech go to Robert’s Spencer’s fine article. By my count his speech had at least 21 errors about the doctrine of political Islam and its history. This does not include opinions about Israel and the Arabs of Gaza.

Some of Obama’s fans shift the burden of guilt to Obama’s speechwriters. But, you don’t hear that argument if the Obama supporters like the speech. Since the errors he made all track the propaganda of the Muslim Brotherhood, there is little doubt that he has help.

So what? Obama is a politician and most politicians are noted for shading any truth for their own good. We should not blame Obama for being a propagandist for Islam. He is not the problem.

If I were to teach a class on the history and doctrine of political Islam, I would hand out Obama’s speech as a final exam. The instructions would be to choose at least 18 errors and counter them with a short paragraph about the truth of the actual doctrine and history.

Obama gave America and the world a pop quiz and our “expert” commentators in TV, newspapers and the rest of the mainstream media failed. Included in the list of those who failed the exam are politicians, preachers, priests, professors and rabbis. As a civilization we have no way to sort truth from lies about Islam. We simply accept any apologist’s analysis because it is positive. We want to be told sweet lies and not bothered by the truth.

As a civilization we have accepted the lie that “authorities” in the media and politics will tell us what the true nature of Islam is. But there is only one authority on the true nature of Islam-the doctrine found in the Koran, Sira (Mohammed’s life) and Hadith (his Traditions)–the Trilogy. But Obama’s speech ignores this fact and refers only to the Koran. Anytime someone tries to explain Islam solely on the basis of the Koran, you are dealing with someone who is either ignorant or a deceiver. Of course, the media and the rest of our so-called experts do not know that Islam is based upon the Sira and Hadith either.

No matter what he said-good, bad, or indifferent-we have no way to discern truth from falseness. We are just too ignorant of even the most basic ideas of political Islam.

Obama’s speech is in gross error due to his assumption that Islam can only be viewed from one perspective-that of the believer. But Islam tells us that all of humanity is divided into believer, kafir (unbeliever) and dhimmi (servant of Islam, an apologist). Hence, there are three views of Islam-believer-centric, kafir-centric and dhimmi-centric. The best example of these three views of Islam is to study the day that Mohammed executed 800 male Jews in Medina because they denied that Mohammed was a prophet.

· Believer-centric view is that the execution was a victory for Islam and a day of triumph.
· Kafir-centric view is that the mass execution was ethnic cleansing and a crime against humanity.
· The dhimmi-centric view is that those were different times and we should not judge others. Also, we kafirs have our own tragedies and should not judge others.

These views are not reconcilable. But Obama and the media deny that any kafir view even exists. He leads a nation of kafirs and is unwilling to voice the view of Islam that is kafir-centric. He consistently only allows the believer-centric view to be expressed.

The only scientific way to approach Obama’s talk is to allow all three views. To deny that the kafir view even exists is intellectual bigotry and blindness. But all authorities insist that there is no kafir-centric view, only Islam. The only way to defeat Islam is to kafir-ize the arguments and to insist that kafirs have a right to be heard, not just the Muslims and their dhimmis. We want to tell our side of Islam. We demand a fair forum.

So Obama gave the world a pop quiz and we failed. It is not that Islam is so strong, but that we are so ignorant and weak.

Bill Warner

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Of Interest

The transcript of Zawahiri’s Message to Obama
Walid Phares on Zawahiri’s Message to Obama

Abeed al-Beit, an Insult

The media has been atwitter with Al-Qaida’s Ayman al-Zawahri’s insult of Obama by calling him the house Negro. What he actually said was abeed al-beit. Abeed is not just a slave, but a black slave. Islam’s refined doctrine of slavery includes over 40 words for slaves, including the slave’s race. If you were white, you would be a mamluk, a white slave.

Mohammed and his wife owned black slaves, along with every other kind of slave, including sex slaves. Mohammed’s favorite sexual partner at one time was a white slave, Mary, a Coptic Christian.

Zawahri’s insult was pure Islam. The Koran is filled with insults and curses by Allah. Insults and curses are part of Islamic logic. Kafir (non-Muslim) logic advances an argument by analogy, syllogisms, cause and effect–scientific logic. Islamic logic is based upon making you submit to Islam. Therefore repeated force, threats and insults are all part of the logic of simply overpowering the other. This is similar to a thug using brute force and yelling to “persuade” the vicitm.

The Koran instructs Muslims on how to use insults and curses against kafirs:

74:16 No, I [Allah] say. He is an enemy of Our revelations. I will impose a dreadful punishment on him because he plotted and planned.
74:19 Damn him! How he planned. Again, Damn him! How he planned.

And here we have the Koran insulting Jews by calling them apes (a favorite insult by Muslims about Jews):

7:156 But when they [the Jews] persisted in what they had been forbidden, We said to them, “Be as apes, despised and loathed.”

Here we have Mohammed repeating the insult when he attacked the Bin Qurayza Jews of Medina:

Ishaq note 684: Mohammed called upon his troops, and they headed for the Jews. Mohammed rode up to the forts and called out, “You brothers of apes, has Allah disgraced you and brought His vengeance upon you?”

Mohammed and Allah repeatedly insulted others who didn’t agree with Mohammed. The worst insult is kafir. Most Korans translate this word as unbeliever, but that is a neutral term. The Koran goes further to say that Allah hates kafirs and plots against them. Over half of the Koran is written about kafirs and it is uniformly negative. Kafirs may be murdered, tortured, enslave, raped, robbed, insulted and deceived with impunity.

Zawahri’s insult of Obama is an insult by a person. However, it is not a person, but Allah, the creator of the universe and the sole deity that says that I am a kafir. That is not a personal insult, but a universal, omnipotent, sacred insult. Kafirs are lower than animals.

So when a Muslim comes home from work and says to his wife that he met a nice kafir today, the insult is so deeply ingrained, that he does not even think about it. After all, both Mohammed and Allah say that those who do not believe in Mohammed are kafirs, “the lowest of the low.”

But what is interesting is how Zawahri’s insult does not rub off on Islam. After all, Zawahri is called a radical Muslim, not a “real” Muslim. Therefore, what he says does not trouble people about Islam. Zawahri is not a radical Muslim, but one who follows the Islam of Medina, the violent Islam. He is a moderate Muslim of the Medinan sort, a 100% Muslim.

What if a white Christian Republican said the same thing? The media would not be atwitter, but in full outrage. This would be headline, long-lasting news. Not only would the white Christian speaker be condemned, but all white people and all Christians. Not only would the speaker have personal guilt, but also every group he was a member of would share in corporate guilt. But no Muslims will be condemned because of Zawahri’s slur. Muslims do not share in corporate guilt.

Another oddity is that some Obama supporters may think that since he has been insulted by a Muslim it proves that he is not in the Islamic camp. Such thinking ignores the fact that the person most apt to insult a Muslim is another Muslim. In the same way, a Muslim is much more apt to be killed by another Muslim than by a kafir. Once you get into the insult, curse and kill business, it is hard to limit it to kafirs.

There is some good news for Obama’s supporters. He may have been called “house Negro” (and actually the N-word is a better translation for abeed than Negro) but at least he was not called Hussein.

Bill Warner

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By Bill Warner

Slavery still stalks the American consciousness, its wounds yetfestering in many hearts. If Barack Obama were to set his mind to it,he could heal much of the damage this peculiar institution wrought onour national soul. This great and tragic error that must be givenjustice. Obama is the best person in the world who can recognize,remember and honor the deaths of 125 million and the enslavement oftens of millions of people.

Hisunique qualifications can be found in his names. Until he was 20 yearsold, he went by the first name Barry. Then he decided to be calledBarack Hussein Obama, his original birth name.

Many people seem to the names “Barack” and “Obama” are African names. They are not.

Baraq[Barack] was the name of the winged horse-like creature that tookMohammed to Paradise in the Night Journey. Baraq can also mean God’sblessing. Hussein reminds some Americans ofSaddam Hussein, and Obama’s supporters get upset if it is used. Husseinwas the name of Mohammed’s grandson. So Obama’s entire name is basedupon Islamic mythology and African conquest. Barack Hussein Obama means[Allah’s blessing] [Mohammed’s grandson] .

Obama’s name reveals a part of history thatis unknown or hidden about America, Africa and slavery. It also revealsa history of the destruction of native African civilization. His namecame from his father, a so-called Arab African. The word Arab is theclue to the hidden history.

Kafirs (non-Muslims) rarelyrefer to Islam, but call it by an ethnic name whenever they can. WhenIslam conquered the Middle East, the conquerors were not calledMuslims, but Arabs. In Eastern Europe the Muslim invaders were calledTurks. In Spain conquering Muslims were referred to as Moors. Thus itis that the Islamic culture in Africa, Arab African, is referred towith an ethnic name, Arab Africans, like Obama’s father, are Muslimswho leave behind their African culture and adopt the Arab culture.

TheArab African Muslim has always been associated with slavery becauseIslam is the driving force in the history of world slavery.

Islam’sconnection with slavery starts with Mohammed. The exact details of howslaves are taken are described in detail in the Sira, Mohammed’sbiography. The Sira is a sacred text since it relates Mohammed’s wordsand deeds, called the Sunna. Everything he did is the perfect patternof behavior for all Muslims.

Mohammed was involved inevery single aspect and detail of slavery. He bought and sold slavesboth retail and wholesale. He gave them as gifts, used them for sex,received them as gifts, stood by as slaves were beaten, attacked. Heenslaved tribes, and owned black slaves. Indeed, his rise to politicalsuccess was financed, in part, by the profit of his slave trade.

Sothe sacred pattern of Mohammed and Islam is the enslavement ofnon-Muslims, kafirs. For 1400 years Islam has enslaved all races andcultures including Christians, Buddhists, Hindus, Jews, Zoroastrians,animists, and atheists. Only Muslims are free of being enslaved.

What Obama could do

Obamacould tell us that there is only one way to understand Africa andslavery and that is to understand political Islam. For 1400 years Islamhas steadily been at work in Africa. The easiest place for Americans tosee Islam’s annihilation of kafir civilization is in North Africa andEgypt. Egypt used to be a Christian and Coptic (the descendants of thePharaohs) country. North Africa was a Greek and Christian culture, andat one time a part of the Roman Empire.

The first Islamicassault on African culture was the jihad that annihilated CopticEgyptian culture and Greek culture in Northern Africa. Today theseareas are Arabic and Islamic.

That was just the thinend of the jihad wedge. Over the next 1400 years, Islam tookapproximately 25 million slaves out of Africa. An Arabic word forAfrican is abd, the same word that is used for black slave. Arabic has about 40 words for slaves. White slaves are mamluk.Islam took more than a million European slaves into slavery. Thehighest priced slave in the Meccan slave market was a white woman.

Thereis great deal of collateral damage when a slave is taken. A warringparty attacks a tribe and when enough of the protectors are killed, therest will surrender and become slaves. All of those who were strongenough to work were taken away in a forced march for days. But thereare many who are left behind — the young, the old, and the sick andinjured.

Estimates vary, but from 5 to 10 people leftbehind died as the result of taking one slave. So for 25 millionslaves, we have the deaths of 125 million Africans over a 1400-yearperiod.

When the story of slavery is told in America, as in the movie Roots, the sailors get off the boats and capture the Africans and make them slaves. Wrong. Wrong. Wrong.

Whenthe white slaver showed up in his wooden ship, he made a business dealwith a Muslim wholesaler. Jihad was the machinery that Mohammed used,and his model worked well in Africa as slavers filled the slave pensfor the same reason that Mohammed did it: profit. Whites only tradedslaves with Islam for about 200 years. Islam was in the slave tradebefore and after selling to the West.

If you would liketo learn about the Arab African slave traders that came from the samearea of Africa that Obama’s father came from, read Tippu Tip and the East African Slave Trade(Leda Farrant, Northumberland Press, 1975). Tippu Tip looked African,but he was 100% Arab and Muslim. By the way, Arab is not a racial term,but a cultural/language term.

But the slave trade hadanother effect. Africa slowly became Islamic. Jihad worked in many waysto bring about conversion. Sometimes trade introduced Islam and ahybrid Islam/native African religion evolved. Then jihad was used topurify and remove the African culture to result in a purer Islam. Butin the end, half of Africa fell to Islam.

The oddestthing is that many people have the idea that an Arab African is thesame as African. When the Arab culture replaces the native Africanculture the culture is not African. African culture is no more Arabthan Hindu culture is Arab. Sharia law is just as foreign to nativeAfrican culture as it is to ours.

The magnitude of thisproblem is seen in Darfur, where Arab Africans are destroying Africanswho are not yet Arab enough. This is a centuries-long jihad toannihilate the native African culture. This process is no differentthan the process by which Coptic Egypt became Arab Egypt. Islam is nota religion but a complete civilization whose stated goal is to replaceall other civilizations. There has never been a historical example of acountry that kept its native culture after Islam entered. So Africa isan ordinary historical example.

The ignorance about thehistory behind Obama’s names is the root of why he can achieve such animpact. Obama represents the chance to help heal the curse of slaveryin America by revealing its complete history. He is a descendant of awhite woman who had slave owners in her ancestry. His African fatherdescended from those who enslaved the Africans. Obama is descended fromslave owners and slave traders, but he does not have a single drop ofslave blood in him.

Since race trumps all, everyone seeshim as being representative of America’s slave descendants. It becomestrue simply because in a race/culture-obsessed society, some want it tobe true. Obama’s slave ancestry is a fiction and not reality.

SoObama is half enslaver, by ancestry, and half slave, by choice. He isthe most uniquely positioned to tell the truth, the complete truthabout Islam, Africa, America and slavery.

Now here isthe last little twist to Obama’s name. He called himself Barry, anIrish name, for many years in America. He changed what he wanted to becalled after he went to Pakistan for a three-week stay. He left Americaas Barry and returned as Barack.

Some whites may havebought slaves from Islam for 200 years, but after that, their culturewas first to outlaw slavery. So Obama changed his name from a culturethat abolished slavery to a name from a culture that has enslavedothers for 1400 years and has a highly detailed doctrine of slavery.

Thisis the world that Obama spans: from slavery abolition to the eternalenslaver. He represents hope to many American descendants of slaves,but his ancestors were never enslaved. No one else could tell the storythat Obama knows. He could tell the story of how 125 million Africansdied. He could tell the story of how 25 million Africans became slaves.

There is an enormous irony that descendants of the slaves that hisancestors created now look to him for justice. And he could give themreal justice by telling the complete truth of their enslavement. Onlyhe has the power to make others listen.

Obama has declared himself to be a world citizen with his speech in Berlin, and hisspeaking the truth of the complete story of slavery would be historic,and could reverse centuries of ignorance and lies. He can stand up andtell the world the true complete story of slavery. It would changehistory far beyond the election cycle.

Bill Warner is director of the Center for the Study of Political Islam.

Page Printed from: American Thinker

Slavery still stalks the American consciousness, its wounds yet festering in many hearts. If Barack Obama were to set his mind to it, he could heal much of the damage this peculiar institution wrought on our national soul. This is a great and tragic error that must be given justice. Obama is the best person in the world who can recognize, remember and honor the deaths of 125 million and the enslavement of tens of millions of people.

His unique qualifications can be found in his names. Until he was 20 years old, he went by the first name Barry. Then he decided to be called Barack Hussein Obama, his original birth name.

Baraq [Barack] was the name of the winged horse-like creature that took Mohammed to Paradise in the Night Journey. Baraq can also mean God’s blessing. Hussein reminds some Americans of Saddam Hussein, and Obama’s supporters get upset if it is used. Hussein was the name of Mohammed’s grandson. So OBAMA’s entire name is based upon Islamic mythology and African conquest. Barack Hussein means [Allah’s blessing] [Mohammed’s grandson].

Obama’s name reveals a part of history that is unknown or hidden about America, Africa and slavery. It also reveals a history of the destruction of native African civilization. His name came from his father, a so-called Arab African. The word Arab is the clue to the hidden history.

Kafirs (non-Muslims) rarely refer to Islam, but call it by an ethnic name whenever they can. When Islam conquered the Middle East, the conquerors were not called Muslims, but Arabs. In Eastern Europe the Muslim invaders were called Turks. In Spain conquering Muslims were referred to as Moors. Thus it is that the Islamic culture in Africa, Arab African, is referred to with an ethnic name, Arab Africans, like Obama’s father, are Muslims who leave behind their African culture and adopt the Arab culture.

The Arab African Muslim has always been associated with slavery because Islam is the driving force in the history of world slavery.

Islam’s connection with slavery starts with Mohammed. The exact details of how slaves are taken are described in detail in the Sira, Mohammed’s biography. The Sira is a sacred text since it relates Mohammed’s words and deeds, called the Sunna. Everything he did is the perfect pattern of behavior for all Muslims.

Mohammed was involved in every single aspect and detail of slavery. He bought and sold slaves both retail and wholesale. He gave them as gifts, used them for sex, received them as gifts, stood by as slaves were beaten, attacked. He enslaved tribes, and owned black slaves. Indeed, his rise to political success was financed, in part, by the profit of his slave trade.

So the sacred pattern of Mohammed and Islam is the enslavement of non-Muslims, kafirs. For 1400 years Islam has enslaved all races and cultures including Christians, Buddhists, Hindus, Jews, Zoroastrians, animists, and atheists. Only Muslims are free of being enslaved.

What Obama could do

Obama could tell us that there is only one way to understand Africa and slavery and that is to understand political Islam. For 1400 years Islam has steadily been at work in Africa. The easiest place for Americans to see Islam’s annihilation of kafir civilization is in North Africa and Egypt. Egypt used to be a Christian and Coptic (the descendants of the Pharaohs) country. North Africa was a Greek and Christian culture, and at one time a part of the Roman Empire.

The first Islamic assault on African culture was the jihad that annihilated Coptic Egyptian culture and Greek culture in Northern Africa. Today these areas are Arabic and Islamic.

That was just the thin end of the jihad wedge. Over the next 1400 years, Islam took approximately 25 million slaves out of Africa. An Arabic word for African is abd, the same word that is used for black slave. Arabic has about 40 words for slaves. White slaves are mamluk. Islam took more than a million European slaves into slavery. The highest priced slave in the Meccan slave market was a white woman.

There is great deal of collateral damage when a slave is taken. A warring party attacks a tribe and when enough of the protectors are killed, the rest will surrender and become slaves. All of those who were strong enough to work were taken away in a forced march for days. But there are many who are left behind — the young, the old, and the sick and injured.

Estimates vary, but from 5 to 10 people left behind died as the result of taking one slave. So for 25 million slaves, we have the deaths of 125 million Africans over a 1400-year period.

When the story of slavery is told in America, as in the movie Roots, the sailors get off the boats and capture the Africans and make them slaves. Wrong. Wrong. Wrong.

When the white slaver showed up in his wooden ship, he made a business deal with a Muslim wholesaler. Jihad was the machinery that Mohammed used, and his model worked well in Africa as slavers filled the slave pens for the same reason that Mohammed did it: profit. Whites only traded slaves with Islam for about 200 years. Islam was in the slave trade before and after selling to the West.

If you would like to learn about the Arab African slave traders that came from the same area of Africa that Obama’s father came from, read Tippu Tip and the East African Slave Trade (Leda Farrant, Northumberland Press, 1975). Tippu Tip looked African, but he was 100% Arab and Muslim. By the way, Arab is not a racial term, but a cultural/language term.
But the slave trade had another effect. Africa slowly became Islamic. Jihad worked in many ways to bring about conversion. Sometimes trade introduced Islam and a hybrid Islam/native African religion evolved. Then jihad was used to purify and remove the African culture to result in a purer Islam. But in the end, half of Africa fell to Islam.

The oddest thing is that many people have the idea that an Arab African is the same as African. When the Arab culture replaces the native African culture the culture is not African. African culture is no more Arab than Hindu culture is Arab. Sharia law is just as foreign to native African culture as it is to ours.

The magnitude of this problem is seen in Darfur, where Arab Africans are destroying Africans who are not yet Arab enough. This is a centuries-long jihad to annihilate the native African culture. This process is no different than the process by which Coptic Egypt became Arab Egypt. Islam is not a religion but a complete civilization whose stated goal is to replace all other civilizations. There has never been a historical example of a country that kept its native culture after Islam entered. The only times that a civilization has recovered from Islam is the use of outside force, such as in Eastern Europe or Spain. So Africa is an ordinary historical example.

The ignorance about the history behind Obama’s names is the root of why he can achieve such an impact. Obama represents the chance to help heal the curse of slavery in America by revealing its complete history. He is a descendant of a white woman who had slave owners in her ancestry. His African father descended from those who enslaved the Africans. Obama is descended from slave owners and slave traders, but he does not have a single drop of slave blood in him.

Since race trumps all, everyone sees him as being representative of America’s slave descendants. It becomes true simply because in a race/culture-obsessed society, some want it to be true. Obama’s slave ancestry is a fiction and not reality.

So Obama is half enslaver, by ancestry, and half slave, by choice. He is the most uniquely positioned to tell the truth, the complete truth about Islam, Africa, America and slavery.

Now here is the last little twist to Obama’s name. He called himself Barry, an Irish name, for many years in America. He changed what he wanted to be called after he went to Pakistan for a three-week stay. He left America as Barry and returned as Barack.

Some whites may have bought slaves from Islam for 200 years, but after that, their culture was first to outlaw slavery. So Obama changed his name from a culture that abolished slavery to a name from a culture that has enslaved others for 1400 years and has a highly detailed doctrine of slavery.

This is the world that Obama spans: from slavery abolition to the eternal enslaver. He represents hope to many American descendants of slaves, but his ancestors were never enslaved. No one else could tell the story that Obama knows. He could tell the story of how 125 million Africans died. He could tell the story of how 25 million Africans became slaves. There is an enormous irony that descendants of the slaves that his ancestors created now look to him for justice. And he could give them real justice by telling the complete truth of their enslavement. Only he has the power to make others listen.

Obama has declared himself to be a world citizen with his speech in Berlin, and his speaking the truth of the complete story of slavery would be historic, and could reverse centuries of ignorance and lies. He can stand up and tell the world the true complete story of slavery. It would change history far beyond the election cycle.

The Submission of Women and Slaves, CSPI Publishing.

Paul Baepler, Editor, White Slaves, African Masters: An Anthology of American Barbary
Captivity Narratives

Basil Davidson, The African Slave Trade

Robert Davis, Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the
Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500-1800

K. S. Lal, Muslim Slave System in Medieval India

Giles Milton, White Gold: The Extraordinary Story of Thomas Pellow and Islam’s One Million
White Slaves

Daniel Pipes, Slave Soldiers and Islam: The Genesis of a Military System

Ronald Segal, Islam’s Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora

Bill Warner

Permalink https://politicalislam.com/obama-and-slavery/

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Of Interest

Frank Gaffney wrote a piece on soft jihad at the Democratic convention.

Here is Robert Spencer’s take on the same event.

A Victim at the Democratic Convention

Dr. Ingrid Mattson, President of the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA), took part in the Democratic Convention in Denver.

As a brief aside, the ISNA is a front for the Muslim Brotherhood (its stated purpose is to destroy the West from inside) and is also included as an unindicted co-conspirator in terrorism financing conspiracy. All of the armed force’s Muslim chaplains and prison chaplains have to take Dr. Mattson’s course on Islam. In the course she supports Sharia law to replace our Constitution in order to achieve an “ethical” government. Like Obama, she believes that poverty and social oppression caused the September 11 attack on the World Trade Center. Neither one will speak of any basis for the attack in Islamic doctrine.

There are four kinds of jihad-sword, pen, mouth and money. Dr. Mattson is a jihadist of the pen and mouth version. Some people call it soft jihad.

At the Convention she spoke of Muslims as being victims in America. Poor Muslim immigrants have to leave their Islamic earthly paradises and come to a mean America where they are victims of the cruel kafirs.

But in Islam it is Sunna. Mohammed was a victim of oppression, so Muslims are always victims and never oppressors.

Examine the record. In Medina Mohammed sent out his jihadists eight times before they were able to kill their first kafir and steal the kafirs’ wealth. They had their success in a holy month. The Arabs had rules of war and one of those rules was that there were holy months when no Arab was to attack another. So the Arabs complained that Mohammed had broken the rules of war and was oppressing other Arabs.

Mohammed was troubled by the charge of being a war criminal, but Allah came to his rescue:

Koran 2:216 You are commanded to fight although you dislike it. You may hate something that is good for you, and love something that is bad for you. Allah knows and you do not. When they ask you about fighting in the holy month, say: Fighting at this time is a serious offense, but it is worse in Allah’s eyes to deny others the path to Him, to disbelieve in Him, and to drive His worshippers out of the Sacred Mosque. Idolatry is a greater sin than murder.

The way of life for the kafir Arabs that included their religion (idolatry is a greater sin than murder) made them fair game for jihad. The kafir Arabs had only one fault-they did not believe that Mohammed was the prophet of Allah. What the kafir Arabs had done by telling Mohammed to leave town (drive His worshippers out of the Sacred Mosque) was worse than war.

In short, the poor Muslims were the victims, and the dead kafirs were the oppressors. It has been ever thus for 1400 years.

All jihad is defensive. The kafirs make the first offensive move against Islam by not believing in the prophet-hood of Mohammed.

Dr. Mattson follows the doctrine of political Islam to the letter when she declares that Muslims are victims in America. And there is only one way that Muslims will stop being oppressed in America. Only when we live under Sharia law will the oppression stop. It would seem that Obama and the Democrats are doing what they can at this time to assure that no Muslim will be a victim.

Bill Warner

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Islam is based upon the principles of dualism and submission. However, you don’t have to be a Muslim to invoke them. Obama has closely aligned himself with Rev. Wright’s “Black Liberation Theology”, BLT.

The very basis of BLT is dualism. God is seen as being purely dualistic; a political creature who will support blacks and hurt whites. It is not the division into two categories that makes for dualism. A study of high blood pressure differences between blacks and whites is not dualism. Dualism, instead, divides and creates ethical and social asymmetries. As an example, Islam divides all humans into Muslim and kafir and posits that Muslims should rule over kafirs and that kafirs can be treated as sub-human if it will advance Islam.

As an example of dualism in BLT doctrine is that blacks are inherently the victims and whites are the oppressors. All criticism is for whites, blacks are innocent. When Don Imus made a remark about “nappy headed hos” he was fired. When rappers make far worse comments about killing whitey and cops, it is called socially conscious art. The lack of symmetry is obvious. Free speech does not allow criticism of minorities. This dualism is extended to where a Mohammed cartoon is hatred, but Andres Serrano’s “Piss Christ” is art.

Since Muslims are the best of people and follow a perfect doctrine, there is no need to even examine Islam, since, ipso facto, it is right. Therefore, all criticism of Islam is hate speech.

BLT holds that crime in the black neighborhoods is due to the CIA bringing in crack cocaine and the AIDS virus. Blacks are believed to have no responsibility. Blacks even temper criticism of rap hate-speech by saying that it the fault of the rich white record producers.

The parallel with Islam is exact. When Mohammed attacked the poor Meccan kafirs and killed them, it was the kafirs’ fault. They had opposed Islam and were guilty of the first offense. Any opposition to BLT is due to inherent bigotry on the part of the white critic, by definition. Therefore, the white man/kafir is due his fair share of abuse by the pious imam or BLT preacher.

Islam is always the victim. Being the victim is the perfect cover for crime and hate. Aggression and crime can be camouflaged as self-defense. BLT claims that when the white girl is raped by a black man, the crime is a form of revolution and represents justice. Over half of all crimes that blacks commit are against whites, but only 2.6% of white crimes are against blacks. When too many blacks are in prison or too many Muslims are terrorists, the statistics are merely proof of white/kafir bigotry.

One of the big ideas of Islam and the Left is that we need to pass “hate-speech” laws in this country as they have done in the EU. The dualism of hate speech laws is that they only apply to the majority, not the minority. Who gets to determine what is hate speech? The minority. Under EU hate speech laws, the Reverend of Racism, the Bishop of Bigotry, the Vicar of Victimology, the Mullah of Madness is the one who gets to judge what is and what is not hate speech. Then the government will take their case to court and prosecute the majority member offender, who must defend themselves using their own money. What a Brave New World it is.

What is tragic is that the attempts to cure dualism in our past, such as the Jim Crowe laws, were only further dualistic–affirmative action laws. But no form of dualism will ever bring justice. We must have only one set of laws that contain no bias for or against anyone. One law. One people.

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